Sources for the Numbers List

This file gives the sources I've used for the [Numbers Index].
Sources for the Numbers List

This page gives the sources for each language on the Numbers from 1 to 10 page. Sometimes half the work in dealing with a new language is finding out what it is, and relating it to the sometimes wildly varying classifications from Ruhlen , Voegelin, and the Ethnologue. There are notes relating to this, as well as information on dialects, and names of languages I don't have yet.
--M.R.

Totals:5020 entries
-238 conlangs
-444 dead langs
-386 dialect/variant = 3952 living languages
I have 83.2% of Ruhlen's 4750 languages.
Dialects I have but not in the list: 835, so the grand total is about 5612.





Thanks to the following people who've sent me numbers over the net
(biggest contributors first; abbreviations in boldface):
Jarel Deaton (JD),
Eugene S.L. Chan (Ch),
Nicolas Ossart (NO),
Pavel Petrov (PP),
Jess Tauber,
Carl Masthay (CM),
Rick Schellen (RS),
Claudio Salvucci (CS),
Ivan Derzhanski,
Reinhard Hahn,
Jennifer Runner (who has a
common expressions in many languages page),
Gábor Sándi,
Marnen Laibow-Koser,
waarki,
Miguel Carrasquer Vidal,
Mikael Parkvall,
James Fidelholtz,
Ralph Sonnenschein,
B. Pellin,
Francisc Czobor,
Knut Felberg,
Jason Roberts,
Lameen Souag,
Esa Anttikoski,
Mike Wright,
Uldis Balodis,
Dirk Elzinga,
George Weber,
Maqtewékpaqtism,
Patrick Chew,
Abdulrakhim Aitbayev,
Troy Sagrillo,
Jorge Díaz Alfonso,
Thorgeir Holm,
Stephen Carlson,
Bertil Tikkanen,
Herman Miller,
Matias van den Bossche,
Timothy Montler,
Mikael Thompson,
Paulo Bairos,
Oaritheias,
Eric Korn,
Corey Reid,
Johanna Laakso,
Hank Nater,
Ben den Butter,
G. Ambrose,
Norbert Kamenicky,
Andrew Howey,
Jacques Guy,
John E Koontz,
Eamonn McManus,
Chris (VikesFan34),
Benjamin Ao,
R.H. Mathews,
Debbie Young,
John Hyaduck,
Erik Kim Tjong Sam,
Frank Valoczy,
Yann-Ber Messager,
Bertilo Wennergren,
Steinar Midtskogen,
Paul (paulkav),
David E. Bell,
Scott DeLancey,
Allen Hall,
Amos Tallbear,
Wayne Leman,
Liland Brajant Ros',
Bruce Nevin,
George Aaron Broadwell,
Geraint Jennings,
Dick Grune,
Glen Gordon,
Jakob Dempsey,
Mike Cleven,
Martin Kuemmel,
Anip Sirait,
David Dynes,
Johannes Reese,
Mark Cogan,
Martin Gircys-Shetty,
Salik Hard,
R. Ben Madison,
Alex Leith,
Raymond Brown,
Jeremy Newton,
Boudewijn Rempt,
Phyllis Manus,
Elizabeth Pyatt,
Chris Straughn,
Bogdan Banu,
Emiliano Venturini,
Adolfo Zavaroni,
Daniel von Brighoff,
Remo Mangold,
Ricardo Distasi,
Wanjiku Ng'ang'a,
Henry Churchyard,
Seleman Sewangi,
Morgan Nyman,
Iacovos Koumi,
Denis Dujardin,
Síle Shigley,
Mimi,
Helmut Satzinger,
Joan Pau Merita,
Alan Sachs,
Stephen Cohen,
Antonio Tolosa,
Mike MacDonell,
Pablo Saratxaga,
Don Osborn,
Robert A. Blust,
Seán Ó Séaghdha,
Alexandre Akopyan,
Roby Littlefield,
Hendrik Chaltin,
Jens Persson,
Richard Crane .

Major printed sources:
-- for numbers
Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Jazyki Narodov SSSR [Languages of the Peoples of the USSR], Izdat'el'stvo Nauka, Moscow, 1996 (49 sets) (SOV).
George L. Campbell, Compendium of the World's Languages, Routledge, 1991 (67 sets).
L. Couturat & L. Leau, Histoire de la Langue Universelle, Hachette, 1907 (36 sets). (CL)
Andrew Dalby, Dictionary of Languages, 1998 (22 sets).
Jakob Dempsey, A Reconsideration of Some Phonological Issues Involved in Reconstructing Sino-Tibetan Numerals, U. Washington dissertation, 1995(101 sets). (Dh)
G.A. Grierson, Linguistic Survey of India, Motilal Banarsidass, 1928 (104 sets) (A)
Harry H. Johnston, A Comparative Study of the Bantu and Semi-Bantu Languages, Clarendon Press, 1919 (85 sets). (HJ)
Charles H. Kraft, ed., Chadic Wordlists, Verlag von Dietrich Reimer, 1981 (42 sets).
Teodoro A. Llamzon, Handbook of Philippine Lg Groups, 1978.
Loukotka, Chestmir, Classification of South American Indian Languages, 1968. (Lk) (63 sets. These are always 1-3 only, and I've given the latest date among his sources.)
Mary E. Kropp Dakubu, ed., West African Language Data Sheets, West African Linguistic Society, 1977-80 (82 sets). (K)
Frederick W.H. Migeod, The Languages of West Africa, Books for Libraries Press, 1911 (47 sets) (M)
Nurse, D. and G. Phillipson, Tanzania Language Survey, 1975 (62 sets) (TLS)
D.T. Tryon, New Hebrides Languages: An Internal Classification, Pacific Linguistics, 1976 (47 sets).
Kay Williamson, ed., Benue-Congo Comparative Wordlist,W. African Linguistic Society, 1973 (165 sets)
Yoshiho Yasugi, Native Middle American Languages: An Areal-Typological Perspective, Verlag von Dietrich Reimer, 1995 (60 sets, plus ethnomathematical discussion).

-- for classification or speaker counts
Lyle Campbell, American Indian Languages, Oxford, 1997. (L)
David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, Cambridge, 1987 (C)
Barbara F. Grimes, ed., Ethnologue, Summer Institute of Linguistics, ongoing. (classification) (Eth) Note: all languages here have been checked against the Ethnologue; if there's no special note, there's an Eth entry with the same lg name as my headword.
Anatole V. Lyovin, An Introduction to the Languages of the World, Oxford, 1997
Merritt Ruhlen, A Guide to the World's Languages, Stanford, 1987 (R)
Voegelin & Voegelin, Classification and Index of the World's Languages, Elsevier, 1977 (V)


-- for ethnomathematics
Michael P. Closs, ed., Native American Mathematics, U. Texas Press, 1986. (just 15 languages, but lots of information on how number systems work-- e.g. how the Maya calendar or the Inca quipus worked)
Georges Ifrah, The Universal History ofNumbers, John Wiley, 2000. (Just a few number sets, but plenty of interest on numerical and arithmetical systems from the Sumerians to the Maya to the Indians.)
Claudia Zaslavsky, Africa Counts, Prindle, Weber & Schmidt, 1973. (a similar treatment of African languages).


Textual conventions and abbreviations
red A language or dialect recently added (since Sep. 2002) green A language now with a better source cyan Sources and notes blue Languages not yet found. d. dialect of rel. related to sis. sister language of lg language fa family iso isolate ling linguistic gram grammar dict dictionary compar comparative [name] Proposed family with little current support L n North American family n in L (Lyle Campbell) M n Mesoamerican family n in L K n South American family n in Terrence Kaufman (and L) language with more than 1 million speakers --> need a better source (more recent or more complete) . a better source would be nice to have ~ name of language (in a source title)

EURO Indo-European

Proto-Indo- European+ Calvert Watkins, American Heritage Dict 1976

Germanic

Western

Old Germanic+
Old English+ OED. RS has Old Northumbrian and Old Kentish.
Middle English+
English RS has 24 d.
Scots Troy Sagrillo, U. Toronto. RS has 7 d.
Old Frisian+ Bo Sjölin, Einführung in das Friesische 1969.
Frisian (West)
Frisian (Saterland) Andrew Howey. RS has 17 more Frisians.
Dutch. R. RS has 13 d.
W/S Flemish Denis Dujardin
Brabants Hendrik Chaltin (= Antwerp; Brussels has 10 = ti:n).
Afrikaans
German RS has 23 more d.
Alsatian Elsa Laugel-Erny n.d. #4 (not in source) from Paulo Bairos.
Low Saxon Reinhard Hahn
Emsland (Low Saxon) Johannes Reese
Mennonite Plautdietsch Herman Rempel, Kjenn jie
noch Plautdietsch? 1984
Cimbrian Olivier Gérard.
Rimella (Walserdeutsch), Piemonte Daniel von Brighoff
Central Bavarian Klaus Zimmer
Swabian Thomas Kemmer 1995, web.
Rheinfränkisch (Rhenanic Franconian). G. Ambrose.
Pennsylvania Robert Lüsch
Luxembourgeois (Lëtzebuergesch) Jean-Claude Berens (on web); corrections from G. Ambrose. R.
Swiss German (Zürich) Peter von Ballmoos (on web); #9 from Remo Mangold.
Yiddish Alan Sachs, Stephen Cohen. R, Eth E YDD, W YIH
Middle High German Joseph Wright 1955.
Old High German+ OED

Northern

Runic+ Peter Petterson 1997, web. R. RS has 7 various Northern d.
Old Norse+
Norwegian Peter Bergman 1968. Nynorsk information: Steinar Midtskogen, Odd Lund. Eth Nynorsk NRN, Bokmal NRR.
Danish Peter Bergman 1968
Swedish Peter Bergman 1968
Dalecarlian. Jens Persson
. Faroese
. Old Icelandic+
. Icelandic

Eastern

. Gothic+

Italic

Oscan+ Rick Schellen. R.
Umbrian+ Rick Schellen. R.
>Sabellian+
Faliscan+ Rick Schellen. R.
Latin+ Humez & Humez 1976.

Romance

Mozarabic+ Rick Schellen. R.
Portuguese RS has 4 variants.
Galician X. Ramón Pena & Manuel Rosales, 1991. R.
Spanish RS has 16 d. other than those below.
Ladino (Judeo-Espanyol). Rick Schellen.
Asturian F. Ferrero, P. Manzano & U. Rodriguez, Diccionariu Basicu de la Llingua Asturiana.
Aragonese Chusé Aragué, Dizionario Aragonés-Castellán.
Catalan Miguel Carrasquer Vidal
Valencian Joan Pau Merita
Old French+
French RS has 11 d. other than those below.
Walloon. Pablo Saratxaga.Jèrriais. Geraint Jennings
Poitevin Michel Gauthier, Gr du poitevin-saintongeais 1996.
Old Picard+ B. Pellin.
Picard J. Guilieron & E. Edmont, Atlas linguistique de la France 1902-1910.
Provençal (Occitan) Matias van den Bossche; also RS and Jarel. R. RS has 15 more.
Lengadocian Matias van den Bossche.
Gascon Michel Grosclaude 1977. V d. French; but look how close it is to Lengadocian.
Auvergnat Jarel Deaton, from Dic Général Français-~ 1990.
Limosin Jarel Deaton (says source is old).
Franco-Provençal (Vaudois) Jules Reymond & Maurice Bossard 1982. R. RS has 14 more.
Rhaeto-Romance
Rumantsch Grischun Pledari rumantsch grischun-tudestg and tudestg-rumantsch grischun e grammatica elementara dal rumantsch grischun 1985.
Sursilvan & Vallader Ricarda Liver, Manuel pratique de romanche : sursilvan-vallader 1982. RS has 13 more.
Friulian Maria Ilescu 1972. RS has 10 more.
Ladin Jarel Deaton R.
Dalmatian+ Jarel Deaton R.
Italian RS has 51 d. other than those below.
Piedmontese Rick Schellen.
Milanese Franco Nicoli, Grammatica ~ 1983.
Genovese Fiorenzo Toso, Grammatica del ~ 1997. Eth Ligurian.
Parmesan Emiliano Venturini.
Venetian Jarel Deaton.
Corsican Pascal Marchetti 1981.
Umbrian Rick Schellen.
Neapolitan Ricardo Distasi.
Sicilian Rick Schellen.
Sardinian Claudio Salvucci. RS has 11 more.
Romanian RS also has Old Rumanian and Moldovan.
Arumanian Achille G. Lazarou 1986.
Meglenite (Megleno-Rumanian) Rick Schellen. R.
Istro-Rumanian Bogdan Banu. R.

Celtic

Proto-Celtic+ Oaritheias, from MacBain's etym. dict Gaelic.
Gaulish+ Pierre-Yves Lambert, La langue gauloise 1985. via B. Pellin. R.

Brythonic

Proto-Brythonic+ NO
Welsh T.J. Rhys Jones, Teach yourself ~ 1961. R.
Cardiganshire Jadranka Gvozdanovic, Indo-European Numerals 1992, via Michel Defayes.
Breton Yann-Ber Messager
Vannetais B. Pellin.
(Unified) Cornish+ P.A.S. Pool, ~ for beginners 1970. RS has 2 other varieties.
Common Cornish, Modern Cornish Ivan Derzhanski.
Devonian+ Joseph Biddulph, A Handbook of West Country Brythonic 1996. Via Elizabeth Pyatt.

Goidelic

Proto-Goidelic+ NO
Old Irish+ R.P.M. & W.P. Lehman, An Introduction to ~ 1975
Irish Eamonn McManus. RS has 5 d.
Scots Gaelic RS has 6 d.
Manx+ Campbell 1991
>Shelta Not in R, Eth STH

Hellenic

Classical Greek+
Greek R. RS has 17 d.
Cypriot Iacovos Koumi
Tsakonian Jarel Deaton. R.
Mycenaean Greek+ Ebbe Vilborg 1960.

Tocharian

Tocharian A+ Jarel Deaton. R.
Tocharian B+ Jarel Deaton; also in Campbell 1991. R.

Albanian

Albanian Leonard Newmark, Standard ~ 1982. R, V.
Gheg (Qosaj) Jarel Deaton (he has 7 d. of Gheg).
Tosk (Mandritsa) Jarel Deaton (14 d. of Tosk).

Armenian

Classical Armenian+ Miguel Carrasquer Vidal
Armenian Alexandre Akopyan. Jarel has E and W d.

Baltic

Old Prussian+ Martin Gircys-Shetty.
Lithuanian
Latvian
Latgalian M. Bikssh & J. Placinskis, Latgalu volu:das gramatika un pareizraksteibas 1973 (JD).

Slavic

East

Russian
Belarussian R.G.A. de Bray, Guide to the Slavonic Lgs 1980
Ukrainian R.G.A. de Bray 1980
>Rusyn Not in R, Eth RUE

West

Polish Peter Bergman 1968
Kashubian F.Lorentz 1971.
Polabian+ Kazimierz Polanski in Comrie & Corbett 1993.
Czech A Rough Guide Phrasebook 1995.
Slovak R.G.A. de Bray 1980
East, West Norbert Kamenicky
Upper Sorbian R.G.A. de Bray 1980
Lower Sorbian Reinhard Hann

South

Old Church Slavonic+ R.G.A. de Bray 1980
Bulgarian R.G.A. de Bray 1980
Macedonian R.G.A. de Bray 1980
Serbo-Croat Peter Bergman 1968
Slovene Andrea Albretti 1997; a phonetic version is in de Bray.

Anatolian

Hittite+ Campbell 1991 (#1 from Jarel). R.
>Palaic+ Eth PLQ
>Lydian+ Eth XLD
Luwian+ Jarel Deaton. R. Eth cuneiform XLU, hieroglyphic HLU.
Lycian+ Jarel Deaton. R.

Indo-Iranian

Proto-Indo-Iranian+ Martin Kuemmel (Indo-Iranianist).

Iranian 325,183

Eastern
Ossetian M.I. Isaev in SOV =Iron. V/R Ossetic.
Digor Jarel Deaton. V d. Ossetic.
>Scythian+ Eth XSC
Avestan+ Ronald Emmerick 1992 (cf. Saka). A, V, R.
Khwarezmian+ Jarel Deaton. R.
-->Sogdian+ Rick Schellen (#2, 3, 10 missing); #3 from Jarel. R.
Yoghnobi M. N. Bogolyubov in SOV (2 d., this is Eastern). Also Jarel. R Yaghnobi.
Bactrian+ Jarel Deaton. R.
Saka+ Ronald Emmerick in Jadranka Gvozdanovich, Indo-European Numerals 1992 =Khotanese. Also from Jarel =Khotanese Saka. R Saka.
Pashto Jakob Dempsey. A (Peshawar, Waziri, Kandahar), V, R.
Wakhi T.N. Pakhalina, Vakhanskij Yazyk 1975. Also Reinhard Hahn. A, V, R.
-->Munji A Munjani, V, R.
-->Yidhgha A Yüdgha:, R Yidgha, not in V.
Ishkashmi T.N. Pakhalina in SOV (u, i, are lowered; she had u-ring and a Cyr. char.). A, V d. Sanglechi, R. Eth w/ next.
-->Sanglechi Jarel Deaton. I also have a version from RS =Ze:baki:; but differs from Ishkashmi only with #10 = dos not do:s. V d. Sanglechi, R.
Shughn V.S. Sokolova in SOV. Also Campbell 1991 A Shighni, V/R Shughni.
Rushani V.S. Sokolova in SOV =Rushanskij (also has Bartangi, Oroshor d.).
Yazgulami D.I. Edelman in SOV. Also Jarel. R.
Sarikoli V.S. Sokolova in SOV. Also Reinhard Hahn. Also (as Tashkorghani) from Allen Hoffman (who has it from Lonely Planet guide to Central Asia). A d.Shighni, V d. Shughni, not in R. Eth confirms in Shughni-Yazgulami group.
Parachi Tetsuo Nawata 1983. R.
-->Ormuri A, V, R.

Western
Northwest
>Median+ Eth XME
-->Parthian+ Rick Schellen (#3, 8-10 missing). R.
-->Yazdi Jarel Deaton (1-8 only). R.
-->Nayini Manuchihr Sutudah, Farhang-i Na'ini 1986 (JD). R.
Natanzi Arthur Christensen, Contributions à la Dialectologie Iranienne 1930 (JD). R.
>Soi Eth SOJ
Khunsari Wilhelm Eilers, Die Mundart Von Chunsar 1976 (JD). R.
Gazi Wilhelm Eilers, Die Mundart Von Gaz 1979 (JD). R.
Sivandi Wilhelm Eilers, Die Mundart Von Sivand 1988 (JD). R.
Vafsi Donald Leonard Stilo, A gram of ~-Tati 1977 (JD). R.
Semnani Jarel Deaton. R.
Sangisari Arthur Christensen, Contributions à la Dialectologie Iranienne II 1935 (JD). R.
Gilaki Jarel Deaton. R.
Mazanderani Tetsuo Nawata 1984. R.
Talysh L.A. Pireyko in SOV. Also Jarel. R.
-->Harzani Pierre Lecoq in Rudiger Schmitt, Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum 1989 (missing #7-9; JD). R.
Zaza Ludwig Paul, Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie 1998 (JD). R.
Gorani Jarel Deaton. R.
Baluchi Mumtaz Ahmad, ~ Glossary 1985 =Rakhshani, major d. A (Makrani, Eastern), V Balochi, R.
(Turkmenistan) V.S. Rastorgueva in SOV.
Eastern Hill Major George Waters Gilbertson, English-Balochi Colloquial Dict 1925 (JD).
Western Baluchi (Rakhshani) Muhammad Abd-al-Rahman Barker and Aqil Khan Mengal, A Course in Baluchi 1969 (JD).
>Bashkardi Eth BSG
Kermanji Kurdish D.N. MacKenzie, Kurdish dialect studies 1961 (Suleimaniye d.). V, R Kirmanji, Eth Kurmanji.
Zaza Kurdish D.N. MacKenzie 1961 =Akre d. V, R =? Kurdi.
Bajalani D. N. MacKenzie 1956.
Kermanshahi Jarel Deaton. R.

Southwest
-->Old Persian+ Jarel Deaton, who sez other #s not attested; but Rick has a set!? A, V, R.
Pahlavi+ A, V. Rick's numbers same except A has #3 = si not si:.
Farsi (Persian) John Andrew Boyle, Grammar of modern Persian 1966. A, V, R.
Dari Jarel Deaton. V Khorasani d. Farsi.
Isfahani Jarel Deaton.
Tajik A.A. Kerimova in SOV. V d.Persian, R Tajiki.
Tati A.L. Gryuberg in SOV. Also Jarel. R.
Cha:li, Eshteha:rdi, Xia:raji. Ehsan Yar-Shater, A Gram of Southern ~ Dialects 1969. Eshtehard is near Tehran; I assume these are all Iranian dd while SOV's is Azeri.
Fars Jarel Deaton. R.
Lari Jarel Deaton. R.
Luri Pierre Lecoq in Rudiger Schmitt, Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum 1989 (JD). R.
Kumzari Bertram Thomas, The ~ Dialect of the Shihuh Tribe 1930 (JD). R.

Nuristani 325, 265

Ashkun D.I. Edelman 1983, V, R.
Wasi-weri D.I. Edelman 1983 =Prasun, A Wasi-veri, V, R, Eth Prasuni.
Kati D.I. Edelman 1983, A Bashgali, V, R.
Kamviri Richard F. Strand, http://users.sedona.net/~strand/. V d. Kati, e QMV.
Kalasha-ala D.I. Edelman 1983 =Waigali, A Wai-ala:, V Kalas.a-ala:, R, e WBK, Eth Waigali.
>Tregami Eth TRM

Indic 325, 164

Sanskrit+ Whitney. A, V, R.
-->Prakrit+ A, V: there are several. I have a version from Hermann Berger, in Gvozdanovich, Indo-European Numerals 1992, but I'm not sure about it.
Ardhamagadhi Dalby. V.
Pali+

Romany
Romany V Romany, R Romany; better known today as Romani
Spanish,
Welsh,
Armenian Jarel Deaton (also has Vlach (v. close to Kalderash), Lovari, Agia Varvara (Athens), Sepechides, Sinte, Bugurdzhi).
Kalderash Ivan Derzhanski.
Syrian. A.
Iranian (Tehran). Jarel Deaton.

Sinhalese-Maldivian
Sinhalese C.H.B. Reynolds 1980. V, R, A Singhalese.
Vedda Jarel Deaton. R.
Maldivian Jarel Deaton. R.

Northern India
Dardic
Kashmiri D.I. Edelman 1983, A (5 d.), V Kashmi:ri:, R.
Shina D.I. Edelman 1983, A (4 d.), V S.in.a, R.
Brokstat (Brokpa) 2K: Ramaswani N. 1982
Phalura D.I. Edelman 1983, V, R.
Dumaki Bertil Tikkanen, who also says it's closer to Hindi/Rajasthani than to Dardic. (Jarel sent a similar set.) R.
Bashkarik D.I. Edelman 1983, A (Ga:rwi d.Kohistani), V Bashkari:k, R, Eth d. Kalami GWC.
Tirahi D.I. Edelman 1983, V, R.
Torwali D.I. Edelman 1983, A d.Kohistani, V, R.
Wotapuri D.I. Edelman 1983 =Katarkalai, V Wotapu:ri:-Kata:rqala:i:, R.
Maiya D.I. Edelman 1983 =Mayan (also has Kanyawali d.), A d.Kohistani, V, R, Eth Kohistani.
Kalasha D.I. Edelman 1983, A, V Kalas.a, R.
Khowar Mohammad Ismail Sloan, web. Edelman, A, V, R.
Dameli D.I. Edelman 1983, V, R.
Gawar-bati D.I. Edelman 1983, A, V, R.
Pashai D.I. Edelman 1983, A, V, R.
Shumashti D.I. Edelman 1983, V Shuma:shti:, R.
Nangalami Georg Morgenstierne, Notes on Gawar-Bati 1950 =Ningalami. R.

Western
Marathi Naresh B. Kavadi & Franklin C. Southworth, Spoken ~ 1965. A, R, V.
A d.De:shi: (V Desi), Na:gpuri: (V Varhadi-Nagpuri), Ko:nkani: (V Konkan).
Konkani Mariano Saldanha, Iniciação na Língua Concani 1950. R, A Ko:nkani: d.Marathi, V Konkan d.Marathi. Eth KNK but may be GOM Goanese.
. Sindhi Dalby. R, V, A.
A d.Vicho:li, La:ri:, Kachch'i:, all 3 listed in V as d.
Khatri. Paulo Bairos. Not in V or R.
-->Lahnda R, V, A. Also have an almost complete set from Hermann Berger, in Gvozdanovich 1992.
A d.Shahpur, Mu:lta:ni, Hindki:, T`ali:, D`anni:, Tina:uli:, Salt Range, Po:t'wa:ri:, Chib'a:li:, Punch`i:. V has d.names like Northeastern-- no help.
(K`e:tra:ni:) A. Not in R or V. Actually this seems to have disappeared from the list. Eth has it in `Lahnda' group.

Central
Hindi/ Urdu R.S. McGregor 1972, corrected from Richard Delacy 1998 (checked against Devanagari, yes indeed). R (2 langs), V, A Western Hindi.
A also d.Vernacular, Dak'ini: (V Dakhini), Ba:ngaru: (V Bangaru), Braj B'a:k'a: (V Braj Bhakha; also RS), Kanauji (also V), Bunde:li: (V Bundeli; also RS), Bana:p'ari:..
Parya Jarel Deaton. R.
>Baluj
Punjabi C. Shackle, Teach Yourself ~ 1972. R, V Panjabi, A Pañja:bi:.
A also d.Po:wa:d'i:, Do:gri: (V Dogri-Kongri), Ka:ngra:.
Siraiki Dalby. Eth Saraiki.
Gujarati Textbook from UIC library. A, R, V.
A also d.Charo:tari: (V Charotari; also RS), Ka:t'iya:wa:di: (V Kathiyawadi), K'a:rwa: (V Kharwa), G`isa:di: (V Tarimuki).
-->Rajasthani (Marwari) R Marwari, V (calls Marwari as a d.), A.
A also d.Jaipuri: (V Central-eastern), Me:wa:ti (V Mewati), Gujuri: of Hazara (V Gujuri), Ma:lvi (V Mal(a)vi, also RS), Ni:ma:di: (V Nimadi), Lab'ani: of Berar.
Banjari (Lamani) Ronald L. Trail 1968 =Lamani. R, Eth Lambadi.
-->Malvi R, A/V d.Rajasthani.
>Gade Lohar Eth GDA
-->Bhili R, V, A.
-->Dogri R, A/R d.Punjabi; same numbers in Dalby (exc. transcript. diffs.). Eth ~-Kangri.
-->Kumauni In html listed as C Pahari since there's only one difference (a lengthened vowel on '6') from Garhwali A d.Central Paha:ri, R, V. Dalby's v. is the same.
-->Garhwali A d.Central Paha:ri, R, V.
W Pahari Hans Hendriksen 1986 =Himachali. A, R, V.
A d.Jaunsa:ri: (V Jaunsari), Sirmauri: (V Sirmauri; also RS), Bag`a:ti: (V Baghati), Kiu:t`ali: (V Kiuthali; also RS), Shodo:chi: (also RS), Kului: (V Kului), Mandea:li: (V Mandeali), Chamea:li: (V Chameali), Ga:di:, Pangwa:li:, B`adrawa:hi: (V Bradrawah; also RS), Pa:dari:.
-->Khandeshi V Khandesi, R, A K`a:nde:shi:.

East-Central
Nepali Alice Irene Davis 1984 . R,V, A Eastern Paha:ri: or K'as-kura:.
Eastern Hindi A's d. are Awadhi, Bagheli, Chattisgarhi. C Kosali. V says dialects are Awadhi-Bagheli and Chhattisgarhi.
Awadhi Baburam Saksena, Evolution of ~ 1937 (= Lakhi:mpuri: d.). R, V d.Eastern Hindi, A d.Eastern Hindi.
. Chattisgarhi Dalby = A except for transcription diffs. C, A d.Eastern Hindi; not in R, V d.Eastern Hindi.
Bihari. V, R group (Maithili, Magahi, Bhojpuri). (Note: I had an entry for this, since C has it and the following 3 as sep.languages. But my entry was just from A, which was an earlier form of Maithili.)
Nagpuria: A d.Bihari, V Nagpuri d.Bihari, not in R.
Maithili Alice Irene Davis 1984 . R, A Mait'ili: d.Bihari, V d.Bihari.
Magahi Dalby. R, A/V d.Bihari.
Bhojpuri Shaligram Shukla 1981. R, A 2 d.Bihari, V d.Bihari.
Sadani. Monika Jordan-Horstmann, ~ 1969. Eth SCK Sadri.

Eastern
Oriya N.S.R. Ganathe 1976. R, V, A.
Bengali William Radice 1994. R, V, A.
A also d. Southwestern, Siripuria:, Eastern, Cachar, Chittagong, Cha:kma:. Can't find a few of these in V but no langs. in V or R are missing.
Assamese Upendranath Goswami, An Intro to ~ 1978. R, A, V d.Bengali.
Mayang Dalby (=Bishnupriya Manipuri); rel. Bengali. Not in V or R.

Elamite 330

Elamite+ Jarel Deaton. R in Dravidian; V says unaffiliated.

EURO Dravidian 330

Proto-Dravidian+ Kamil Zvelebil, Sketch of compar Dravidian morphology 1977.

Northwest

Brahui Josef Elfenbein in Sanford Steever, The Dravidian lgs 1998. A, R, V.

Northeast

. Kurukh Dalby. A, R, V.
Malto Sanford Steever 1998. A, R, V, Eth Sauria Paharia.

Central

Kolami-Parji

-->Kolami P.S. Subrahmanyam in Sanford Steever 1998 (1-6 only. These are f. forms-- m. and n. have Telugu borrowings). A, R, V. Also Jarel (#7-10). Eth E KFB, S NIT.
-->Naiki S. Bhattacharya 1961 (1-4 only-- rest from Marathi) R, Eth SE Kolami.
-->Parji Jarel Deaton (1-6 only) R, Eth Duruwa.
-->Gadaba Jarel Deaton (1-6, 10 only) R.

Telugu

Telugu P.S. Subrahmanyam 1974. A, R, V.
>Savara Eth SVR

Gondi-Kui

. Gondi Dalby. A, R, V, Eth N GON, S SGO.
Koya Jarel Deaton. R.
-->Konda Bh. Krishnamurti & Brett A. Benham in Sanford Steever 1998 (1-7 only; others Indic). R.
-->Manda T. Burrow & M.B. Emeneau, A Dravidian Etym Dict Supplement 1968 (JD: 1,2,4,5 only). R.
Pengo Jarel Deaton. R.
-->Kui A, R, V.
Kuvi Jarel Deaton. R.

South

Tulu

. Tulu Dalby. A, R, V.
>Bellari Eth BRW
-->Koraga Jarel Deaton (missing #8,9). R, Eth Korra KFD, Mudu VMD.

Tamil-Kannada

Kannada Harold F. Schiffman. A, R, V.
Badaga Paul Hockings, Christiane Pilot-Raichoor 1992. A/V d.Kannada, R.
-->Kodagu A, R, V.
Kurumba Jarel Deaton. R.
Toda Murray Emeneau, ~ gram and texts 1984 A, R, V 800.
-->Kota A, R, V 900.
Malayalam Vidvan C.L. Meenakshi Amma 1976. A, R, V.
Tamil N. Jegtheesh 1967. A 3 d., R, V.
Vernacular Richard Crane (notes that above are from literary lg).
-->Irula A/V d.Tamil, R.

Nahali

Nahali Franciscus Bernardus Jacobus Kuiper, ~: a compar study 1962. R, V.

Burushashki

Hunza Bertil Tikkanen. Eth Burushaski.
Tasin Dick Grune

MIDE Afro-Asiatic 320

Semitic

East

Akkadian+ Campbell 1991

Central

Arabic
-->Kashka-Darya (Central Asia) Ivan Derzhanski (1-4 only).
Saudi Margaret K. Omar 1975
Yemeni Jarel Deaton
Syrian Mark W. Cowell 1964
Palestinian (not in list). Jarel Deaton. V. close to Syrian.
JD also has Gulf and Bahrain.
Lebanese Jarel Deaton. He also has a `Levantine' that's closer to Egyptian.
Cypriot Maronite Jarel Deaton
Iraqi Merrill Y Van Wagoner 1949
Egyptian Hilmi M. Aboul-Fetouh, A morphological study of ~ Colloquial Arabic 1969.
E Libyan Jarel Deaton.
Algerian (Darja) Lameen Souag, web.
Sudanese Jarel Deaton.
Moroccan Richard S. Hamell 1962
Zanzibari/Ormani Jarel Deaton
Nigerian Alan S. Kaye, A Dict of ~ Arabic 1982.
Maltese
Phoenecian+ Campbell 1991
Ugaritic+ Jarel Deaton. R.
-->Moabite+ Jarel Deaton (some missing). R.
Classical Hebrew+ Henry Churchyard.
Modern Hebrew Campbell 1991
Aramaic+ William B. Stevenson 1924. R.
Modern Aramaic Jarel Deaton (note: u in 7 is really an u-ring; diacritic on tt in 6 is a little < under the letter). R.
Classical Syriac+ Campbell 1991
Syriac (Assyrian) R. Hart 1926. Also, G. V. Arsanis in SOV! (matches well). Eth AII Assyrian Neo-Aramaic.
-->Van Ivan Derzhanski (missing #8,9)

South

Old South Arabian+ Jarel Deaton =Sabaean. R.
South Arabian R.
Harsusi Jarel Deaton =Harsusi. Also have the very similar Mehri.
Sheri Jarel Deaton.
Socotri Jarel Deaton.

N Ethiopic
Geez+ Bender, Fulass, Cowley 1976. R, V.
Tigre Campbell 1991. R, V.
Beni Amer C.M.Watson 1888; d. spoken by the Beja.
Tigrinya Campbell 1991. R, V, Eth Tigrigna.

S Ethiopic
Amharic Grover Hudson 1989. R, V.
Argobba Jarel Deaton. R, V d. Amharic.
Harari Jarel Deaton. R, V d. East Gurage.
East Gurage Jarel Deaton (3 d.: Selti (shown), Wolane, Zway). R, V.
Gafat+ Jarel Deaton. R, V.
Soddo Robert Hetzron, The Gunnän-Gurage lgs 1977. V, R.
Goggot Robert Hetzron 1977. V Gogot, R.
Muher Jarel Deaton. R, V. Eth d. GUY West Gurage.
Masqan Jarel Deaton. R, V d. Peripheral West Gurage, Eth d. GUY.
Central West Gurage Wolf Leslau, Ethiopic documents: Gurage 1950; Chaha d. V, R, Eth d. GUY. Jarel has Chaha and Ezha d., differing only in #10 and #7 (Leslau's #7 is closer to Jarel's Ezha!)
Ennemor Robert Hetzron 1977. V and R as Peripheral West Gurage, Eth d. GUY.
Ezha. Jarel Deaton. V d. Peripheral West Gurage. Not interestingly diff. fr. others.

Egyptian

Egyptian+ Troy Sagrillo, U.Toronto; reconstructed form: Jarel Deaton.
Coptic+ Campbell 1991

Berber

Proto-Berber+ F.A. & B.W.W. Dombrowski in Alan S. Kaye 1991. I have another version, with more vowels, from Karl-G. Prase 1974.
For locations of Berber languages, see the map I added to Voegelin.

Guanche

Guanche+ R, V.
Gran Canaria. Jarel Deaton.
Tenerife. Jarel Deaton.

East Numidian

>East Numidian (Old Libyan)

Tuareg

Tamahaq (Ahaggar). Jean-Marie Cortade, Lexique français-touareg; dialecte de l'Ahaggar 1967 =Ahaggar d. Jarel has this too, as Hoggar d. Tamahaq; but his #2 = sin. V Ahaggar d. Tuareg, R Tamahaq. Prase 1974 confirms that Ahaggar and Ghat speak Tamahaq and provides another Ahaggar.
Ghat Jarel Deaton. (Libya on S border w Algeria).
Tamazheq Jarel Deaton = Ioullemmeden d. V d. Tuareg, R Tamazheg. Prasse confirms that these dudes speak Tamazheq & mentions l'Ayvr-- prob. Aïr in Niger.
. Tamasheq Dalby: = ~ of Tayart (Aïr). Prasse's Tamasheq. JD also has 3 #'s from ~ of Adrar.
Jarel also has Kel-Ouï and Sergou, which we can't identify. [mail 11-18-98]

Western

. Zenaga Jarel Deaton. R, V.

Northern

Chenoua Lameen Souag. Eth, not in R.

Atlas
Tashelhit (Shilha) Robert Aspinion, Apprenons le berbère 1953. R, V, C Shluh, Eth Tachelhit.
Baamarani (Ifni) Esteban Ibañez, Dicc Esp-~ 1954.
Tamazight Paul Bisson, Leçons de berbère tamazight, dialecte des Aït Ndhir (Aït Nâaman) 1940. V one language, R has 3.
Figuig F. Maarten & G. Kossmann, Grammaire du parler berbère de ~ 1997. Geographically seems to fit here.
Ait Mgild. Have this from Jeanette Harries 1974.

Kabyle
Kabyle J.-M.Dallet, Dictionnaire kabyle-français : parler des At Mangellat, Algérie 1985. R, V. Non-Arabic 1-2 are from JD.

Zenati
Ait Seghrushen Fernand Bentolila, Grammaire fonctionnelle d'un parler berbère 1981. It's just a guess where to put this.
Shawiya Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Chaouia.
>Tidikelt Eth TIA
-->Tuat Basset, "Notes de Lexicographie Berbère", J Asiatique 1887 (1-2 only; rest are Arabic; via Lameen Souag). R, Eth d. Taznatit GRR.
Tarifit (Riff) Ramón Menéndez Pidal 1944. R, V
Senhayi Esteban Ibañez, Diccionario español-senhayi (dialecto beraber de Senhaya de Srair) 1959 =Senhayi.
-->Ghmara Jarel Deaton (1-2, 7 only). R, Eth Ghomara.
>Tlemcen Not in Eth
>Sheliff Basin Not in Eth

Mzab-Wargla
-->Gurara Basset, "Notes de Lexicographie Berbère", J Asiatique 1887 (1-3 only; rest are Arabic; via Lameen Souag). R, Eth d. Taznatit.
Mzab René Basset 1893. R, V, Eth Tumzabt.
Wargla S.Biarnay 1908 =Ouargla. R, V Ouargla, Eth Tagargrent.
Ghardaia Jarel Deaton. R, Eth alt. or d. Mzab
>Tugurt Eth TJO Temacine Tamazight

East Zenati
>Tmagurt Eth d. next
>Sened Eth SDS
Jerba Jarel Deaton. R, Eth JBN
>Tamezret Eth d. prev.
>Taujjit Not in Eth
>Zwara Eth d. Jerba
-->Nefusi Jarel Deaton (missing #8,9). R, Eth Nafusi

Eastern

-->Siwa W.Seymour Walker, Siwi language 1921. R, V.
Ghadames J.Lanfry, Ghadamès : étude linguistique et ethnographique 1968. R, V.
>Awjila Eth AUJ
>Sokna Eth SWN

Omotic 322

South

. Hamar Jarel Deaton. R.
Also a set from Ch which Jarel says is Banna d.
Ari Richard J. Hayward in Hayward, Omotic Lg Studies 1990. R.
Dime Harold Fleming in Hayward 1990. R.

North

Dizoid
Dizi Edward J.Allan in Bender, The Non-Semitic Lgs of Ethiopia 1976. R.
>Dorsha Eth d. next.
Shako Jarel Deaton. R.
Nao Jarel Deaton. R.

Mao
. Hozo M. Lionel Bender 1983 (#1-5 only); others from Ralph Siebert, Klaus & Charlotte Wedekind, Third SLLE Survey on Lgs of the Begi/Asosa Area SIL 2002. R.
Sezo M. Lionel Bender 1983 (#1-5 only); others from Siebert & Wedekind 2002 . R, Eth Seze
-->Bambeshi M. Lionel Bender 1983 (#1-5 only). R, Eth Bambassi
>Ganza Eth GZA

Gonga
Kafa Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Kaficho
Mocha Wolf Leslau, A Dict of Mocha 1959 (prime for stress --> accent). R, Eth Shakacho
>Bosha eth d. Kafa
Anfillo Jarel Deaton. R.
>Naga Not in Eth
>Guba Eth d. next.
Shinasha (Boro) Franz Rottland in Hayward 1990. R.
Amuru K. Wedekind, Socioling survey report on the Amaru area of Ethiopia SIL 2002 (1-3, 5 only). R, Eth d. prev.

Gimojan
Janjero (Yemsa) Klaus Wedekind in Hayward 1990. R.
>Fuga Eth d. prev.
Bencho (Gimira) Mary J. Breeze in Hayward 1990. R.
She Jarel Deaton. R.
Chara Jarel Deaton. R.
Basketo Eugene S.L. Chan. R.
Makle Jarel Deaton. R.
-->Oyda Jarel Deaton (1-3 only). R.
Walamo (Ometo) Grover Hudson in Bender 1976 =Welamo; #9-10 from Jarel. R Ometo; V.
Kullo Edward J.Allan in Bender 1976. V d.Walamo.
numbers.html has Kullo since Hudson only has eight numbers.
Zayse Richard J. Hayward in Hayward 1990. R, Eth ~-Zergulla
Zergulla Ralph Siebert & Lydia Hoeft, Socioling Survey Report of the Lgs of the Abbaya/Chamo Area of Ethiopia Part I SIL 2002. R, Eth d. prev.
Ganjule Siebert & Hoeft 2002. R, Eth d. Kachama-~.
-->Gidiccho Jarel Deaton (1-3 only). R, Eth could be BSW or KCX or KQY
Gatsame Jarel Deaton. R.
Koyra Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Koorete.

Cushitic 322

Beja

Beja Richard Hudson in Bender 1976. V, R, Eth Bedawi.
(Beja Leo Reinisch 1895.)
C.M.Watson 1888. V Handendowa (main) d.Beja.

Cushitic Proper

Central Cushitic
Awngi Jarel Deaton. R.
Xamir Jarel Deaton (also has Xamtanga wh. V sez = Xamir!). R, Eth Xamtanga.
Kemant (Falasha) Jarel Deaton (also has different sets Kemant, Falasha, Quara, Kaïliña... V sez some of these are the same!). R, Eth W Agaw.
Bilin Kifle Hamde on web =Blin. V, R, Eth Bilen.
Xamta Jarel Deaton. R, V d. Khamir, Eth alt. Xamir.

Eastern Cushitic
Highland
Proto-Highland East Cushitic+ Grover Hudson, Highland East Cushitic dictionary 1989.
Burji Grover Hudson 1989. R.
Gedeo Grover Hudson 1989. R.
Hadiyya Grover Hudson 1989. R.
Kambata Grover Hudson 1989. R.
Sidamo Grover Hudson 1989. R.

Yaakuan-Dullay
Yaaku Jarel Deaton. R.
>Harso Eth d. next.
>Gawwada Eth GWD
Birale Harold Fleming et al., Jnl of Afro-Asiatic Lgs 1992. R.
Tsamay R.J. Hayward in Jnl of Afro-Asiatic Lgs 1989 =S'aamakko. Described as a new Dullay lg; but Tsamako is an old name for Tsamay. I also have Tsamay from M. Lionel Bender 1983 (#1-5 only); it's v. similar. R, V.

Lowland
Afar Loren F. Bliese 1981. His ' turned into accents. R.
Saho Jarel Deaton. R.
Dasenech Hans-Jürgen Sasse in Bender 1976. R, Eth Daasanach.
Elmolo+ Jarel Deaton. R.
Arbore Dick Hayward, The ~ Lg 1984. R.
Bayso Ralph Siebert & Lydia Hoeft, Socioling Survey Report of the Lgs of the Abbaya/Chamo Area of Ethiopia Part I SIL 2002. R.
Rendille Jarel Deaton. R.
Somali Campbell 1991 . R.
Tunni Mauro Tosco, Af ~ 1997 (JD). V d. Somali.
Aweer Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Boni.
Oromo (Galla) Grover Hudson 1989. R, V Galla, Eth W-C. Oromo
Borana Bartolomeo Venturino 1976. V d.Galla, Eth GAX ~-Arsi-Guji
-->Bussa Klaus Wedekin, "Socioling survey report of the lgs of the Swawada (Dullay), Diraasha (Gidole), Muusiye (Buusa) Areas", SIL Electr Survey Reports 2002 (no #9). Eth DOX (w Dullay).
-->Gidole Wedekin 2002 (no #9). R, Eth GDL Dirasha.
Konso Eugene S.L. Chan. R, Eth Komso.

Southern Cushitic
. Dahalo NU libes (5-10 from JD). R.
Ma'a Derek Elderkin in Bender 1976. R, Eth Mbugu.
-->Asa Jarel Deaton (#1-5). R, Eth Aasáx.
-->Kw'adza Jarel Deaton (#1, 3-5, 9-10). R.
Iraqw Maarten Mous 1993. R.
-->Alagwa Jarel Deaton (missing 7, 8). R, Eth Wasi.
-->Burunge Jarel Deaton (missing 7, 8). R.

Chadic 320

Masa

Masa Kraft 1981 =Massa. R, V, Eth Masana.
-->Zime Jarel Deaton (1-5,10 only). R, Eth alt. LME Pevé or HED Herdé or NNN Ngeté!
Lame Kraft 1981. V sis. Masa, not in R, Eth d. Pevé
Mesme Kraft 1981 =Misme. R, not in V.
>Marba Eth MPG
>Musey Eth MSE

East

Group A
Somrai Jarel Deaton. R.
Tumak Jarel Deaton (j's have hacheks). R.
Ndam Jarel Deaton. R.
Sarwa Jarel Deaton (j's have hacheks). R.
>Gadang Eth GDK
>Mod Eth d. Tumak
Miltu Jarel Deaton. R.
Nancere Carl Hoffman, J W Afr Lgs 1971. R.
Lele Carl Hoffman, J W Afr Lgs 1971. R.
Gabri Jarel Deaton =Tshire. R, V = Gabri
Kabalai Jarel Deaton. R.
Kera Jarel Deaton. R.
>Kwang

Group B
Mokulu (Mokilko) Hermann Jungraithmayr 1990 =Mokilko. R; Eth Mukulu.
-->Dangla Jarel Deaton (1-5,10 only). R, Eth Dangaléat
Migama Hermann Jungraithmayr & Abakar Adams 1992. R, Eth Migaama.
>Mahwa Eth MCW Mawa
-->Jegu Jarel Deaton (1-5,10 only). R, Eth JEU Jonkar Bourmataguil (or maybe d. next)
Mogum Eric Johnson & Cameron Hamson, "Mabire: a dying lg of Chad", SIL Electr Survey Reports 2002. Eth MOU
Bidiyo Khalil Alio & Hermann Jungraithmayr 1989 =Bidiya. R, V 'Bidyo.
Mubi Jarel Deaton. R.
>Masmaje Eth MES
>Kajakse Eth CKQ
>Kujarge Eth VKJ
>Toram Eth TRJ
Sokoro Jarel Deaton =Bendaga d. R.
Barain Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Barein
>Saba Eth SAA

Biu-Mandara

Group A
Tera
Tera K Paul Newman 1967. R.
Jara C.K. Meek, Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria 1931 (JD). R.
Ga'anda Kraft 1981 =Ga?anda. R, V.
Gabin Kraft 1981 =Ga?anda. V =Ga'anda.
Pidhimdi Kraft 1981. V prob.= Pilimdi =Hina, not in R.
Hona Kraft 1981 =Hwona. R, V d.Tera, Eth Hwana

Bura-Higi
Bura Kraft 1981. R.
Chibak Kraft 1981. R.
Putai Kraft 1981 (JD). R.
Margi Carl Hoffman 1963. R.
Kilba K Jerry A. Grieve 1973. R, Eth Huba.
Higi Kraft 1981 (5 d.). R, Eth Kamwe.
Bana Jarel Deaton. R.
Fali Kiria Kraft 1981 =Fali Kiria. V Fali of Kiria w Higi; not in R, Eth d. Higi
Fali Jilbu Kraft 1981 =Fali Jilbu. V Fali of Yilbu w Higi; not in R, Eth Zizilivakan

Mandara-Matakam
. Sukur Jarel Deaton (6-9 are from Meek 1976). R.
Lamang Ekkehard Wolff, A Gram of the ~ Lg 1983. R.
Hidé Paul Kazuhisa Eguchi, Matériaux pour servir à l'[ascii 163]étude de la lg ~ 1971. Not in R; Eth TUR sis. prev.
Mandara Kraft 1981. R, V. Also have this as Wandala, from Barth 1862. Eth Wandala
Paduko Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Parkwa
Glavda Kraft 1981 =Gelevda. R, not in V.
-->Guduf Jarel Deaton (1-5, 10 only). R.
Dghwede Kraft 1981 =Zeghvana (Duxwide). R, not in V.
Gvoko Jarel Deaton. R.
-->Mafa Jarel Deaton (1-5, 10 only). R.
Matakam (Mofu) Kraft 1981 =Matakam. R Mofu, V Matakam, Eth alt. Mafa.
Gisiga Jarel Deaton. R, Eth S GIZ, N GIS
Mada Jarel Deaton. R.
Hurza Jarel Deaton. R, Eth d. MLR Pelasla.
Muktele Jarel Deaton. R.

Daba
Daba K Kraft 1981. R.
Gawar Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Gavar.
Hina Jarel Deaton. R. Eth Mina.

Bata
Gudu Kraft 1981. R, V.
Bata Jarel Deaton. R.
Gude Kraft 1981. R.
Nzangi Kraft 1981 =Njanye. R, V Njai, Eth Nyanyi
Bacama Kraft 1981 =Bacama. Not in R, V Bachama w Bata

Group B
Musgu Jarel Deaton. R.
Mbara Henry Tourneux, Christian Seignobos, Francine Laforge 1986. Not in V or R.
Gidar Jarel Deaton. R.
Buduma Jarel Deaton. R.
-->Logone Bartg 1862. R, V d.Kotoko, Eth Lagwan d. prev.
Kotoko Jarel Deaton: 3 d.: Affade, Mackeri, Nghala. R, V Afade, Makari, Ngala

West

Group A
Hausa
Hausa Roxana Ma Newman 1990. R, V.
Gwandara Shuji Matsushita (Karshi d.-- he has all d.s). R, V.
Nimbia Shuji Matsushita d. Gwandara. Duodecimal.

Bole-Tangale
Karekare Kraft 1981. R.
Bole Kraft 1981. R.
Bele Russell G. Schuh, Marburger Studien Zur Afrika und Asienkunde 13, 1978 (JD). R, Eth Beele.
Ngamo Kraft 1981. R.
Maha Paul Newman, J W Afr Lgs 1965. R, Eth Maaka.
Kirfi Schuh 1978 (JD). R, Eth Giiwo.
>Deno Eth DBB
>Kubi Eth KOF
Galambu Schuh 1978 (JD). R.
Gera Kraft 1981. R.
Kanakuru Kraft 1981 =Dera. R, V, Eth Dera.
Tangale Kraft 1981. R.
Pero Kraft 1981. R.
>Kupto Eth KPA Kutto

Angas
-->Gerka JFJL Fitzpatrick in M =Gurka. R, Eth Yiwom.
Angas K D.A. Burquest 1973. R, Eth Ngas.
Sura Kraft 1981. R, Eth Mwaghavul
Kofyar Jarel Deaton. R.
Chip Kraft 1981. R, Eth Miship
Ankwe (Goemai) Kraft 1981. V, R Goemai.
-->Montol JFJL Fitzpatrick in M. R.
-->Tal Jarel Deaton (1-5, 10 only). R.
>Pyapun Eth PCW
>Koenoem Eth KCS

Ron
Fyer Hermann Jungraithmayr, Die Ron Sprachen 1970 (JD). R, not in V.
Tambas Jungraithmayr 1970 (JD). Not in R or V, but Eth says sis. Fyer.
Ron (Bokkos & Daffo d.) Jungraithmayr 1970 (JD) (also has Butura, v. close to Daffo). R, V.
Sha Jungraithmayr 1970 (JD). R, not in V.
Mundat Jarel Deaton. Not in R or V; Eth has in "Ron Proper" group.
Kulere Jungraithmayr 1970 (JD). R, not in V.
>Karfa Eth KBZ Duhwa
>Shagawu Eth d. Ron

Group B
Bade-Ngizim
-->Duwai Koelle 1854 in M =Gurka. R.
Bade Kraft 1981. R.
Ngizim Kraft 1981. R.
-->Warji Jarel Deaton (1-5, 10 only). R.
Pa'a Jarel Deaton. R.
-->Siri Jarel Deaton (1-5, 10 only; underlines are under vertical marks). R.
Diri Kraft 1981 =Dira. R.
-->Jimbin Jarel Deaton (1-5, 10 only). R, Eth Zumbun.
Miya Kraft 1981. R.
-->Mburku Jarel Deaton (1-5, 10 only). R.
-->Kariya Jarel Deaton (1-5, 10 only). R.
-->Tsagu Jarel Deaton (1-5, 10 only). R.

Zaar
Boghom (Burma) Kraft 1981 =Burma. R (& Eth) Boghom.
Mangas Jarel Deaton. R.
Guruntum Jarel Deaton. R.
Ju Jarel Deaton. R.
Geji Kraft 1981. R.
Dwot Kraft 1981. Not in R or V, Eth Dass.
Polchi Kraft 1981 =Pelci. R, Eth Polci.
Buli Kraft 1981. Eth d. prev. Not in R.
Seya (Zaar) Kraft 1981 =Seya. Eth Saya.
Zeem Jarel Deaton. R.
>Barawa Eth alt. Dwot

Sumerian

Sumerian Campbell 1991

Basque

Ancient Basque+ Antonio Tolosa
Basque Miguel Carrasquer Vidal. JD sez this is Guipuzcoa.
Navarro-Labourdin. Jarel-- just #2-4 differ.

Etruscan

Etruscan+ Adolfo Zavaroni.

Hurrian

Hurrian+ E. Benveniste in Meillet & Cohen, Les Langues du Monde 1952. R.

Meroitic

Meroitic+ Jarel Deaton (sez #2 is only one attested). R.

MIDE Caucasian 324

Northwest

Ubykh Georges Charachidze in B. George Hewitt 1989. R Ubyx.
Abkhaz B. George Hewitt in B. George Hewitt 1989. R Abxaz.
Abaza Ketevan Lomtatidze & Rauf Klychev in B. George Hewitt 1989; #5 which I stupidly forgot to copy is from Jarel Deaton. R.
Kabard-Cherkes Ketevan Lomtatidze & Rauf Klychev in B. George Hewitt 1989. R Kabardian.
Adygh Catherine Paris in B. George Hewitt 1989. R, Eth Adyghe.

Northeast

Nakh

Proto-Nakh+ Sergei Starostin. R.
Chechen Campbell. R.
Ingush Johanna Nichols 1996, web. R.
Bats Sergei Starostin. R.

Dagestanian

Avaro-Andi-Dido
Avar Sergei Starostin. R.
Andi Sergei Starostin. R.
Botlix Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Botlikh.
Godoberi Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Ghodoberi.
Chamalal Sergei Starostin; = Jarel's Gakvari d.; Jarel also has Gigatl d. R, V, Eth Chamalal
Bagulal Sergei Starostin. R, Eth Bagvalal.
Tindi Sergei Starostin. R.
Karata Sergei Starostin. R.
Axvax Sergei Starostin. R, Eth Akhvakh.
Xvarshi Sergei Starostin (2 d.). R, Eth Khvarshi.
Dido (Tsezi) Jarel Deaton; spelling corrected to match Starostin. R.
Hinux Jarel Deaton; spelling corrected to match Starostin. R, Eth Hinukh
Bezhta Sergei Starostin. R.
Hunzib Jarel Deaton; spelling corrected to match Starostin. R.

Lak-Dargwa
Lak Campbell 1991; also L.I. Zhirkov 1955 (matches, but it's in Cyrillic). R.
Dargwa Sergei Starostin (2 d.). R.

Lezgian
Archi Sergei Starostin. R.
Xinalug Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Khinalugh
Lezgian Martin Haspelmath 1993; ' --> ., sad --> sa, p --> p: to match Starostin. R/Eth Lezgi.
Tabasaran Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Tabassaran.
Agul Sergei Starostin. R, Eth Aghul.
Rutul Sergei Starostin. R.
Tsaxur Sergei Starostin. R, Eth Tsakhur.
Kryts Sergei Starostin. R.
Budux Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Budukh.
Udi sci.lang; spelling corrected to match Starostin. R.

MIDE Kartvelian

Georgian Howard I. Aronson in Alice C. Harris 1991. R. The Harris volume (The Indigenous Lgs of the Caucasus) also has Old Georgian but only #6, 8, 9 are different. R.
Mingrelian Campbell 1991. R.
Svan Karl Horst Schmidt in Alice C. Harris 1991, with v for his w and o: for o: in the manner of Campbell 1991. R.
Laz Dee Ann Holisky in Alice C. Harris 1991. R.

NILO Nilo-Saharan 317,264

East Sudanic

Eastern

Nubian
Old Nubian+ Gerald M. Browne 1989 (#9 from Helmut Satzinger). Not in R or V.
Meidob Robin Thelwall in M.L. Bender 1983. R, Eth Midob.
. Birgid Jarel Deaton (looks old). R, Eth Birked.
Debri Robin E.W. Thelwall, "Lexicostatistical Relations between Nubian, Daju, and Dinka", in Etudes Nubiennes 1978 (JD). R, Eth d. Dilling.
Dongolawi Jarel Deaton. R. JD also has a Kenzi-Doungoulawi; Eth Kenzi-Dongola.
Mahas Yusuf Simbaj, al-Qamus al-Nubi 1998 (JD) =Fadiga-Meahus. Campbell's "Nubian" is Mahas. Eth Fiyadikka d. Nobiin.

Surma
Mursi David Turton & M.L.Bender in Bender 1976. V Murzu, not in R.
Murle R.E. Lyth 1971. V, R.
Bale Moges Yigezu and Gerrit J. Dimmendaal in Dimmendaal and Marco Last, Surmic Lgs and Cultures 1998 (JD). R, Eth d. KOE Kacipo-Balesi.
>Zilmamu Eth d. prev.
Majang Jarel Deaton. R.
Shabo Jarel Deaton. R. R has Mikeyir in index but not list, and Peter Unseth of SIL says they're the same thing.
Kwegu Osamu Hieda in Dimmendaal and Last 1998 (JD; see Bale). R.
Suri Deborah Lucassen in Dimmendaal and Last 1998 (JD). R.
Me'en Jarel Deaton. R.

Nera
Nera E. David Thompson in Bender 1976. R, Eth Nara.

Eastern
Gaam Malik Agaar Ayre & M. Lionel Bender 1980. R.
Aka E.E. Evans-Pritchard, "Ethnological Observations in Dar Fung", in Sudan Notes and Records vol XV P.I. 1932 (JD). R.
Kelo Evans-Pritchard 1932 (JD). R.
Molo Evans-Pritchard 1932 (JD). R.

Western

-->Nyimang Jarel Deaton (missing 9,10). R, Eth Ama.
>Dinik Eth AFT Afitti
>Ronge Eth Temein
>Doni not in Eth
>Dese not in Eth
Merarit Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Mararit.
Tama John T. Edgar 1989. R, V.
Erenga John T. Edgar 1989. V d. Tama.
>Sungor Eth d. SUN Assangori
Miisiirii John T. Edgar 1989. Not in V or R; sim. to Tama and Erenga; Eth Jabaal d. Tama
Shatt Jarel Deaton. R.
Liguri Jarel Deaton. R Eth Logorik.
>Mongo Eth d. next.
Sila Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Sila Daju.
Nyala Jarel Deaton. R Eth this and next dd. Dar Fur Daju.
Lagawa Jarel Deaton. R.
>Nyalgulgule Eth NJL Njalgulgule

Nilotic

Western
Luo
Shilluk Diedrich Westermann, A Short Gram of the ~ Lg 1910. R.
Anuak Marie Lusted in Bender 1976 =Anywa. V, R.
>Jur Eth LWO Luwo
>Thuri Eth THU
>Bor Eth BXB Belanda ~
Maban Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Mabaan.
Burun Jarel Deaton. R.
>Labwor Eth d. Acholi below.
>Lwo Eth one of Luo, Luwo, Acholi, ...
>Adhola Eth ADH
Luo R.L.Stafford 1967
Alur Joseph Ukoko, Jan Knappert, Marcel van Spaandonck, Essai de Dict Dho Alur 1964. R.
Lango Michael Noonan 1992. R.
Akoli P. Carlo Muratori, Grammática Lotuxo 1938 =Acoli. R/Eth Acholi, V.

Dinka-Nuer
Nuer Jarel Deaton. R.
>Atuot Eth ATU Reel
-->Dinka Campbell 1991. V d. Padang. R fa (consisting of following 5); Eth fa.
-->Agar Jarel Deaton (1-3, 8 only). R Eth S Central Dinka.
>Bor Eth DIN SE Dinka
>Padang Eth DIP NE Dinka
Rek Jarel Deaton. R Eth SW Dinka.
>Kumam Eth KDI

Eastern
Bari P. Carlo Muratori 1938. R, V.
-->Kakwa Jarel Deaton (#1-5 only). R.
Lotuxo P. Carlo Muratori 1938. R, V Lotuho, Eth Otuho.
Ongamo Jarel Deaton. R, Eth d. NSG Ngasa.
Maasai Campbell 1991. R.
Turkana Gerrit Jan Dimmendaal, The ~ Lg 1983 (JD). R.
Teso Dalby. R.
>Topotha Eth TOQ Toposa
Karamojong P. Carlo Muratori 1938 =Karimojong. R, V.

Southern
Nandi A.C. Hollis 1909. R, Eth fa.
Kipsikiis Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Kipsigis d. KLN Kalenjin.
Keiyo Jarel Deaton. R Eth d. prev.
Tuken Jarel Deaton. R, Eth N Tugen.
Markweta Jarel Deaton. R Eth ENB Endo or TLE Talai.
Sapiny Jarel Deaton. R Eth d. KPZ Kupsabiny.
Kony Jarel Deaton. R Eth Koony d. next.
Pok Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Book d. SPY Sabaot.
Ng'oma Jarel Deaton. R, not in Eth.
Terik Jarel Deaton. R Eth d. KLN Kalenjin.
-->Okiek Jarel Deaton (missing #9). R.
Pokot P. José Flores 1982. V, R Pakot, Eth Pokoot.
-->Omotik Jarel Deaton (missing 7, 9). R.
Datooga Jarel Deaton. R.

Kuliak

Ik Jarel Deaton. R.
So Eithne Carlin 1993. R, Eth Soo.
-->Ngangea Jarel Deaton (missing #7-9). R, Eth Nyang'i.

Central Sudanic

West

Kresh Jarel Deaton (Also has Dongo d.). R, Also has Dongo d.Obaya.
Aja Jarel Deaton. R.
Baka Stefano Santandrea 1970. R, V.
-->Beli Jarel Deaton (missing 6-9). R.
Bongo Stefano Santandrea 1970. R, V.
-->Morokodo Jarel Deaton (missing 6-9). R.
>Sinyar Eth SYS
-->Vale Jarel Deaton (missing #6-9). R.
Gambai Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Ngambay.
Kaba Jarel Deaton (j's have hachek). R, Eth KSP or another Kaba.
Kaba Dunjo Jarel Deaton (j's have hachek). R, Eth Sara Dunjo.
Mbai Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Mbay.
Sara Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Sar if it's not a d. Gula.
>Babalia Eth BXV Berakou
Babahi Jarel Deaton (j's have hachek). Not in R or V, unless it's Babalia which both have.
Bagirmi Jarel Deaton. R.
>Fongoro Eth FGR
>Disa Eth DIV
>Gele Eth alt. Fongoro
Gula Jarel Deaton. R.
Kenga Jarel Deaton. R.
Kuka Jarel Deaton. R, Eth d. MNE Naba.
>Furu Eth FUU
Yulu Stefano Santandrea 1970. R, V Yulu-Binga.
Kara Stefano Santandrea 1970. R, V, Eth alt. Gula.

East

Moru A.N. Tucker, The Eastern Sudanic Lgs 1940 (Miza d.; 4 others). R, V.
Avukaya A.N. Tucker 1940 (Ojila d.; also Ojiga). R, V, Eth Avokaya.
Logo A.N. Tucker 1940. R, V.
Kaliko A.N. Tucker 1940 =Keliko. R, V Käliko, Eth Keliko.
Logbara Jarel Deaton. R, V High Lugbara, Eth Logbara.
Madi A.N. Tucker 1940 (Lokai d.; 2 others). R, V Ma'di.
Lendu Constance Kutsch Lojenga 1994 =Ngiti d. Lendu. R Balendru, V.
Mangbetu Jarel Deaton. R.
>Asua Eth ASV Asoa
Mamvu Jarel Deaton. R.
Lese Jarel Deaton (a pygmy d.). V d. Mamvu-Efe.
>Mangbutu Eth MDK
>Ndo Eth NDP

Berta

Berta Jarel Deaton (4 d.; I'm skipping one). R, Eth WTI.

Kunama

Kunama Jarel Deaton. R.

Komuz

Gumuz (Bega) Jarel Deaton (4 d.). R Bega, V Gumuz.
-->Anej Jarel Deaton (old source). R, Eth Gule.
Kwama Klaus & Charlotte Wedekind, Socioling survey report on lgs of the Asosa - Begi - Komosha area part 2 SIL 2002. R, V Koma.
Madin Corfield 1938 (see below; JD). V d. Kwama, Eth alt. Komo.
. Opo F.D. Corfield, "The Koma", in Sudan Notes and Records vol XXI, 1938 (JD: this is Kusgilo; also has Buldiit). R, Eth Opuuo.
Komo Wedekind 2002. R, V Central Koma.
-->Twampa Jarel Deaton (1-6, 10 only). R, Eth Uduk.

Saharan

Kanuri Centre for the Study of Nigerian Languages, The standard ~ orthography, 1979; numbers 2, 6, 7 are from P.A.Benton 1917. R, Eth C ~.
Kanembu Jarel Deaton. R.
Teda Barth 1862. V, not in R, Eth Tedaga.
Zagawa Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Zaghawa.
Berti Jarel Deaton. R.

Maban

Maba John T. Edgar 1991. R Mabang, V.
Masalit John T. Edgar 1989. R Mesalit, V.
Aika John T. Edgar 1991. Not in V or R or Eth.
Runga Jarel Deaton. R.
Kibet John T. Edgar 1991. R, V w E Sudanic.
Mimi (Gaudefroy) John T. Edgar 1991. R (has 2 of them), V.
Mimi (Nachtigal) Jarel Deaton. R.

Songhai

Songhai (Saharan) Mamadou Konare 1971. M (also gives Zaberma d.), V, Eth prob. Kayruboro Senni Songhay.
Zarma David Bellama 1976. V d. Songhai.
Dendi Petr Zima 1994. V d. Songhai.

Fur

-->Fur V.
>Biltine Eth AMJ Amdang

NILO Khoisan 301

Hadza Jarel Deaton. R.
Sandawe Ryohei Kagaya 1993. R.

Southern Africa

Northern

. !Kung Campbell 1991. R Qxû, V Kung, often sp. !xu~, Eth Kung-Ekoka.
Zhu|'hõasi J.W. Snyman 1980. #4 from Patrick Dickens Dict 1994. V Dz,u/'oãsi d. !Kung, Eth Ju/'hoan
tAu.//eî Jarel Deaton. R, Eth /Kx'au//'ein.
>Maligo R, Eth MJW.
>Ekoka R, Eth alt Kung.

Central

Proto-Central Khoisan+ K.L. Baucom 1972.
Hietso K.L. Baucom 1972. Not in V or R.
t'oxoku K.L. Baucom 1972. Not in V or R.

Nama
Nama Campbell 1991; also Damara d. (diff. orthog.) in Oxford U Press 1991.
Korana (!Ora) J.A. Low in Vossen and Keuthmann, eds., Contemporary Studies on Khoisan 1986 (JD); also C. Meinhof 1930. V, R !Ora.
Dama Jarel Deaton. R, Eth alt. Nama.
-->Xiri+ Jarel Deaton (1-5 only). R.

Hai.n//um
Hai.n//um Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Hai//om.

Kwadi
>Kwadi R, Eth KWZ.

Tshu-Khwe
G//abake Jarel Deaton. R, Eth alt. next.
>Kwee Eth Hietshwane
>Ganade Eth GNE Ganádi
>Shua Eth SHG
>Danisin Eth d. prev.
>Deti Eth DET
>Buka
>Handa Eth HNH /Anda
Xû Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Kxoe.
G//ana Jiro Tanaka 1978. R, Eth //Gana
Nharo Alan Bernard 1985. V Naron, R Naron, Eth Nar.
G/wi Jiro Tanaka 1978
>G//ani not in Eth
>N/hain.tse Eth d. Naro

Southern

!Xóõ (tHua) Anthony Traill 1984
>!Ô Eth poss. HUC /Hua
>N/amani Eth alt. Ng/amai d. !xóõ
//Ng.!'e Dorothea F. Bleek, A Bushman Dict 1956 (JD). R.
N/huki Bleek 1956 (JD). R, Eth N/u.
//Xekwi Bleek 1956 (JD). R, Eth //Xegwi.
//Xam+ Bleek 1956 (JD). R, Eth /Xam.

NILO Kordofanian 302

Kadugli

>Tulishi Eth TEY
>Keiga Eth KEC
>Kanga Eth KCP
-->Miri Jarel Deaton (old source). R, Eth d. next. For this and next I write o e for o e.
-->Kadugli Jarel Deaton (old source). R, Eth d. KAT Katcha-~-Miri.
Katcha Roland Stevenson, on web. R, Eth d. prev.
>Tumma Eth TBQ
Krongo Mechthild Reh 1985. R.
Tumtum Jarel Deaton. R.

Kordofanian proper

Katla

Katla Jarel Deaton. R.
Tima Meinhof 1915 (JD; see Tegali). R.

Heiban

Ko Thilo C. Schadeberg, A Survey of Kordofanian 1981. R.
Warnang Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981. R.
Rere Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981. R, Eth Koalib.
Utoro Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981. R, Eth Otoro.
Logol Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981. R.
Ebang Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981. R, Eth Heiban.
Laru Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981. R, Eth Laro.
Shirumba Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981. R, Eth Shwai.
Tiro Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981. R, Eth Tira.
Moro Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981. R.

Talodi

Tegem Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981 (v2). R, Eth d. next.
Lafofa Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981 (v2). V; not in R.
Nding Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981 (v2). R.
-->Jomang Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981 (v2) (1-3 only). R, Eth Talodi.
Tocho Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981 (v2). R.
Ngile Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981 (v2). R.
-->Dengebu Thilo C. Schadeberg 1981 (v2) (1-5 only). R, Eth Dagik.

Rashad

Tegali Carl Meinhof, "Sprachstudien im egyptischen Sudan", in Zeitschift für Kolonialsprachen vol. 5-6, 1915-6 (JD). R.
Tagoi Meinhof 1915 (JD). R.
>Tingal Eth TIG
>Tukum Eth d. Tagoi
>Turum Eth d. Tagoi

NIGER Niger-Congo


Mande 302, 219

Bobo-Fing

-->Sya Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911. V, R Bobo-Fing, Eth BBO N Bobo Mandaré, BWQ S Bobo Mandaré-- Sya is given as a d. both!

Northern

Soninke Christian Girier, Enseignement du ~, n.d. (1970s). M, V, R.
-->Bozo Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911 . M, V d.Soninke, R. Eth one of BZE Sorogama ~, BOO Tièma Cièwè ~, BOZ Tiéyaxo ~, BZX Hainyaxo ~.
-->Susu Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911 . M, V, R.
-->Yalunka Jarel Deaton (#1-5 only; #6-10 from M). R.
-->Ligbi Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911 . M, V, R.
Numu (Huela) K Andrew & Janet Persson =Ligbi Brawhani d. M Numu, V Numu d.Huela, R Numu. The Perssons say Ligbi, Wela, Numu are a single lg. Eth saya Huela is a d. Ligbi and Numu is a lg of blacksmiths.
-->Kono Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911 . M Konno, V, R.
Vai William E. Welmers 1976. M, V, R.
Mandinka Denis Creissels, Élements de Gram de la Lg ~ 1983. R.
Xasonke Jarel Deaton. R, Eth Xaasongaxango.
Malinke Jarel Deaton (2 d). M, V Malinka, R Maninka or Mandinka, Eth W Maninkankan. I also have this from Ebrima S.Y. Colley 1995, but without tones.
Bambara Campbell 1991 . M, V, Eth Bamanankan.
Dyula C. Braconnier, M.J. Derive, Petit Dict Dioula 1978. M, V, R, Eth Jula.

Southwestern

Loko Gordon Innes, Afr Lg studies 1961. M Lokko, V, R.
Loma M Buzi, V, R.
Kpelle Campbell 1991 (#8-9 from JD). M =? Kpwesi, V, R. Eth KPE Liberia ~ (bigger), GKP Guinea ~.
Mende Richard A. Spears 1967. M, R, V.
-->Bandi Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911 . M Gbandi, V d.Mende, R.

Southern

-->Mano V, M Gbele, R.
Dan K Eva Flik & Margrit Bolli 1973 =Yakouba. R.
Gwio. M; prob. = Gio d. Dan in K and V. Almost identical to Gbele. Eth alt. Dan.
Kweni Jean-Paul Benoist 1968 =Gouro. M, V, R, Eth Guro.
-->Gbin M; V Gban d.Kweni. Eth Gagu.
Beng Alma Gottlieb & M. Lynne Murphy, ~-Engl Dict 1995. Also M Ngan.
-->Mwa Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911 =Mwin, V, R, Eth Mwan.
Nwa K Philip L. Ravenhill 1974 =Wan. R, Eth Wan.
Tura K Thomas Bearth 1973 =Toura. R, V d. Kweni, Eth Toura.

Eastern

Bisa K A.J. Naden 1973. R, Eth Bissa.
Busa Jarel Deaton. R.
Samo (Toma) Jarel Deaton (also has similar Kouy d.). V, R one of San or Sane, Eth S Samo.
Sembla André Prost 1971. V d. Samo wh. in R is divided into San and Sane, Eth Seeku.
>San, Sane R, Eth both alt. Samo.

West Atlantic 303, 28

Bijago

-->Bijago Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911. = Bisogo (Ankaras, Wun), V, R, Eth Bidyogo.

Northern

Senegal
Fulani K D.W. Arnott 1968 =Fula. M Fula (Western), V Ful, R Fula. Eth Pulaar.
Maasani Don Osborn. V Macina d. Fula. Eth Maasina d. Fulfulde.
Serer K Walter J. Pichl 1973. M Sorer-si:n, V Sin d.Serer. R Serer, Eth ~-Sine.
Wolof Sierra Dem 1995. M, V.

Cangin
Falor K Walter J. Pichl 1973. R, Eth Palor.
Lehar K Walter J. Pichl 1973. R.
Ndut K Walter J. Pichl 1973. R.
Non K Walter J. Pichl 1973. R, Eth Noon.
Safan K Walter J. Pichl 1973 =Safen. R, Eth Saafi-Saafi.

Bak
Balant W.A.A. Wilson, Afr Lg Studies 1961. R.
Ganja Geneviève N'Diaye-Correard, Études Fca ou Balante 1970. R.
Mankanya Mirjana Trifkovich, Le Mancagne 1969. My dj and ñ are her d n. V, R Mankan.
Manjaku António Carreira & João Basso Marques 1947. R, V, Eth Mandjak.
-->Papel Koelle 1854 in M =Pepel. R.
-->Bayot Jarel Deaton (missing 6-10). R.
-->Karon Cowan 1953 (see Mantion). (missing 6-10). R.
-->Kwatay Jarel Deaton (missing 6-8,10). R, Eth Kuwaataay.
Diola K J. David Sapir 1973. V, R, Eth Jola-Foguy.
-->Gusilay Jarel Deaton (missing 6-8,10). R.

E Senegal-Guinea-Bissau
Badyara K Gisèle Ducos 1974 =Pajade. R, V.
-->Banyun Koelle 1854 in M. R, Eth BAB is biggest of three lgs.
Bassari Marie-Paule Ferry 1991. R.
Bedik Marie-Paule Ferry 1991. R, Eth Budik.
Biafada W.A.A. Wilson, J of W Afr Lgs XXIII.2 1993. V, R.
-->Kasanga W.A.A. Wilson, "Numeration in the lgs of Guiné," Africa 31, 1961 (PP; incomplete). R.
-->Kobiana Wilson 1961 (PP; incomplete). R.
Konyagi Marie-Paule Ferry 1991. R, Eth Wamei.

Mbulungish-Nalu
>Baga Mboteni R, Eth BGM
-->Mbulungish M =Baga-Fore. R, V.
-->Nalu HJ. V, R.

Southern

>Sua R, Eth Mansoanka
-->Limba Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911 M, R, V.
-->Gola Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911 M Gora, R, V.
Baga Binari Jarel Deaton (I used e o for his e/o with under dot). R.
>Baga Koga R, Eth BGO
>Baga Maduri R, Eth BMD
>Baga Sitemu R, Eth BSP
>Baga Sobane R, Eth BSV
>Banta R, Eth d. Themne
Landuma M =Landuman. R.
Temne David Dalby, J W Afr Lgs 1966. M, R, V Temen (prob.a typo), Eth Themne
Bom Melinda Lamberty, A Sociololing survey of Bum 2002. R, Eth BMF
N Bullom K Walter J. Pichl 1973 =Mmani. Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911. M Bullom, V, R, Eth Bullom So
S Bullom K Walter J. Pichl 1973 =Sherbro. M Bullom (Sherbro), V, R, Eth Sherbro.
Kisi K Walter J. Pichl 1973 =Kissi. M, V, R. Eth one of KQS N (Guinea), KSS S (Liberia)
Krim K Walter J. Pichl 1973. R.

North Central

Kru 304, 207

Aizi Lynell Marchese, Atlas linguistique kru 1983. R, Eth AHI (biggest of 3).
Kuwaa Marchese 1983. R, Eth BLH
Seme André Prost 1964. R, Eth SIF Siamou.

Eastern
-->Bakwe Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911 . M (Obwa, Obli, N.Kwati, Ba(nyua)), V.
Hwane. M, V d.Bakwe, Eth HWA Wané.
(Bereby M, V Abriwi d.Bakwe, Eth region for PYE Pye Krumen)
(Sikon M, not in V or R, Eth prob. Sinkon d. KRN Sapo)
(Padebu M, not in V or R or Eth.)
Bete V, R 1 lg, Eth four as Bété. M has Bete of Gozrobwe plus Gibo. Banya (dd. of ~ in V)
>Gagnoa Eth BTG
>Kouya Eth KYF
Guiberoua Marchese 1983. Eth BET
Daloa Marchese 1983. Eth BEV
Godie K Lynell Marchese & Carol Gratrix, 1974. R, M Godye (4 d.), V Godye d. Bete, Eth GOD
Dida Pierre Vogler, Le parler Vata 1987. R, V d. Bete, Eth DIC
Yocoboué Marchese 1983 = Dida of Lozoua. Not in R, Eth GUD
Neyo Marchese 1983. M, V d.Bete, Eth NEY
Kwadya M Kwadre or Kwadya, 3 d.; V d.Bete, Eth KWP Kodia

Western
Bassa
-->Basa Marchese 1983 (#1-5); rest M (2 unnamed dd.), V, Eth BAS
Dewoin Marchese 1983. R, M De, V De.
Gbe M, not in V or R, Eth GGB Gbii.

Grebo
Oubi Marchese 1983. Not in R, Eth Glio-Oubi OUB
Plapo M, V Plawi d. Bakwe, Eth ~ Krumen KTJ
>Krumen Pye Not in R, Eth PYE
Tepo K Keith Dawson 1973 =Kruman. M, V Tewi d. Grebo, Eth Krumen Tepo TED
Grebo Gordon Innes 1996; #8-10 from Marchese. M (3 unnamed d.), V, Eth has five: Gboloo GEC, N GRB biggest, S GRJ, C GRV, Barclayville GRY

Klao
Kru Marchese 1983. V Kru-Krawi, M Krao (3 unnamed d.), Eth Klao KLU; R has Kru (= Eth alt. Klao), Klau, and Peripheral Klau (not in Eth or V).
>Tajuason R, Eth Tajuasohn KRU

Wee
>Daho-Doo DAS, Glaro-Twabo GLR, Sapo KRN, W Wè WEC-- none in R
-->Konobo Marchese 1983 (no #2,7,9). R, Eth KQO E Krahn
>W Krahn Not in R, Eth KRW
Guere Marchese 1983. R, Eth GXX S Wè
Nyabwa Marchese 1983. R, Eth NIA
Wobé K Verena Hofer & Christa Link 1973. R, Eth WOB N Wè

Dogon

Dogon Geneviève Calame-Griaule 1968

Gur (Voltaic) 304,150

Bariba
Bariba André Prost 1979 =Baatonum. R, V Bargu.

Kulango-Lorhon
-->Kulango Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911 . M, V, R. Eth KZC Bondoukou ~ (bigger), NKU Bouna ~
(Western Brong. M. V has a Brong that's w Twi, but it's quite different-- M's W.Brong (he also has a Brong w Twi) is very close to Kulango. Not in Eth.)
Lorhon K Ingrid Person 1973. R, Eth Tèèn.

Senufo-Tusya
Tusya André Prost 1964 (Toussiana d.). R, Eth WIB S Toussian; also has N TSP.
Senari André Prost 1964 (JD). R.
-->Palaka Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911. V Palara, M Kpalakha, R.
Nafana K Dean & Carol Jordan 1975 =Nafaara. M, R, V Pantera, Eth Nafaanra
>Tyeliri R, Eth d. SEF Cebaara
>Tiefo R, Eth TIQ
>Kulele R, Eth d. SEF
Karaboro André Prost 1964 (Tenyer d.). R, Eth W KZA; it also has E KAR.
Viemo André Prost 1979. R.
Wara André Prost 1968. R.
Natioro André Prost 1968. R.
Suppire Robert Carlson 1994 =Supyire. R, Eth Supyire.
Mianka Jarel Deaton. R, Eth d. MYK Mamara
-->Dyimini Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911. =Gwimini, V, R, Eth Djimini
Foro. M, V Folo d.Dyimini, which is also R's name. Eth poss. Foolo d. prev.
Bamana. M, not in V or R. Similar to Foro. Eth Mamara (see Mianka).
-->Tagbana Frederick W.H.Migeod 1911.=Takponin, V, R, Eth Tagwana.
Tafile. M, V/Eth Tafire d.Tagbana.

Central
Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
Kurumfe Jarel? R, Eth Koromfé.
Bwamu John & Carol Berthelette, Socioling Survey Report for the ~ Lg 2001. R, Eth BOX.

Buli-Koma(Jelanga, Guresa. In M; definitely in K-O-V. 2nd is like M's Kanjargo. Not in V, R, Eth.)
Buli Franz Kroeger 1992 R.
(Kanjarga. M, V Kanjago = Buli, Eth alt. prev.)
>Koma R, Eth KMA Konni

E Oti-Volta-->Bieri Gabriel Manessy, Les Langues Oti-Volta 1975 (JD; missing several). R.
Wama Listes Lexicales Gur 1983. R, Eth Waama
-->Tayari Manessy 1975 (JD: missing #2, 8). R, Eth Nateni
Tamari André Prost 1962 =Li Tãmari. R, V, Eth SOF Tamberma or TBZ Ditammari.
>Nyende