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The gloss refers to the Axunašin meaning. For Xurnáš and Teôši meanings and grammatical notes, see the lexicons of those languages.
Etymologies are given in [brackets]. [*] indicates a lexical item inherited from proto-Eastern; see the proto-Eastern lexicon for the reconstructed form and meaning. W. = Wede:i; OS = Old Skourene.
See the Xurnese Names document for more geographical names. Names of provinces, rivers, gods, and a few key historical figures are entered here.
Like Latin, Axunašin continued to be written long after it died out as an everyday spoken language, and is used in some contexts even today; the vocabulary has been supplemented with modern geographic and proper names, and artistic and scientific terms. These additions have not been listed in the lexicon. Proper names are generally identical to the Xurnáš equivalent, perhaps with a classicized ending.
About 1160 words are currently listed.
| Axunašin | Xurnese | Ṭeôši | Gloss | ||
| ame | am | äme | # | one; (in anaphora) some [*] | |
| amendači | andač | ämeddäš | a | complex, complicated | |
| amendex | andes | a | simple, straightforward; the simple past and present tenses [‘one way’] | ||
| amomik | ammis | ämömi | v | agree [‘think as one’] | |
| amomudo | ammudo | n | agreement | ||
| amun | amu | ämu | a | unitary, whole | |
| amuri | amaur | ämür | a | unified; the same amuriwa together, alike |
|
| Amurineli | Amaurnel | Ämünel | n | northern Čeiy [‘united land’] | |
| ančim | ayči | äṭṭi | v | wake, wake up | |
| ančokun | ayčosu | äṭṭošu | a | awake | |
| Axun | Asu | Äku | m | goddess of the Xengi [W. Akśim] | |
| Axuna (r) | Asuna | Äkunô | m | Axuna (kingdom and later province) [from Axun] | |
| Axunai | Asunai | Äkuna | n | Ancient Axunašin empire, based in Axuna [Axuna + augmentative] | |
| axunari | asungri | a | Axunese, relating to Axuna | ||
| axunašin | asunaši | äkunäši | m | Axunašin language | |
| axunez (m) | asúnes | äkunes | m | Axunemi, inhabitant of Axuna | |
| bayli | bayl | v | amuse oneself, have fun [Jeori balyî, from W. ba:ilu ‘remove’ (i.e remove one’s cares)] | ||
| baylus (v) | m | amusement, diversion | |||
| baymisax (k) | baymízex | bäymisäs | m | (light) poem [‘amusing words’] | |
| baju | baj | bäš | # | four [*] | |
| bajun | baju | a | fourfold, quadruple | ||
| banotu | banoc | n | a measurement (0.9 m) [W. baŋotu ‘half-height (of a man)’] | ||
| bantino | baycino | n | the sixth hours of the day [W. baŋ tinno ‘six of the day’] | ||
| beč (t) | beč | beš | m | cock [*] | |
| beide | bida | bidö | f | plate, dish [*] beide dusiš shoulderblade, scapula |
|
| beikim | bike | biši | v | pinch; geld | |
| beikuvi | bisawe | bûšübe | f | ox [‘gelded’] | |
| beikuvideis (m) | biswedis | m | oxenday, about 1.1 acres [‘oxen-day’] | ||
| beiri | bir | bir | a | original, authentic [*] | |
| beivi | bip | bip | a | short, small [*] | |
| beivito | biayc | bipto | n | short person, dwarf | |
| beivivati | biac | bibäs | v | shorten, reduce; abase | |
| beivuvi | biaup | a | abased, humble | ||
| beji | bej | beḍ | v | throw (a spear); shoot (an arrow) [*] | |
| belik | belis | beli | v | enlighten | |
| beludo | belaudo | n | enlightenment | ||
| benki | beyk | bentš | v | bless [*] | |
| benkeč (š) | béykeč | m | blessing | ||
| ber | ber | ber | m | cloud [*] | |
| beriš | breš | beeš | m | arm [*] | |
| berivati | brivac | v | smoke | ||
| berivax (k) | beríex | m | brotherhood, league | ||
| berivu | brayp | brûbi | n | brother [*] | |
| berivun | brayvu | a | brotherly, fraternal | ||
| berun | beyru | a | cloudy | ||
| betik | becis | besi | v | strut [beč ‘cock’] | |
| bexi | bes | bek | v | become [*] | |
| bez (m) | bes | bes | m | road [*] | |
| bezi | bez | a | low [*] | ||
| bezisik | bezzis | bezisi | v | abase oneself before; pray to, supplicate [bezi] | |
| bezisus (v) | bezzuc | m | prayer, supplication | ||
| Besun | Bezu | m | Behu, founder of Behusa religion Besun mez Beuniš full form, Bezu son of Beon |
||
| bideč (š) | bídeš | m | wine | ||
| bidi (diš) | bic | bis | n | grape | |
| bijem | bije | v | invade, attack (a nation or an army) [*] | ||
| bijus (v) | bayjuc | m | invasion, attack | ||
| bike | bika | f | fir [W. bika] | ||
| biribi | brip | birip | v | twist, spin [synaesthetic] | |
| Bitikniz (m) | Bicikes | m | name of the school founded by the philosopher Jugiroz (Jausiros) [W. ‘old white palace’] | ||
| biz (m) | bim | bi | m | calf, foal [*] | |
| bobi | beup | a | dizzy, woozy | ||
| bobušik | bovaušis | bobüši | v | faint | |
| bodogik | bodeusis | v | stumble; wander (without purpose) | ||
| bodogirti | bodeusirc | n | wanderer | ||
| Bolon | Bolon | m | Bolon province [W. Bo:lun ‘northern Bo:’; cf. Bozan] | ||
| Bolonari | Bonari | f | the Bonari river [‘of Bolon’; the W. name was Bo:] | ||
| bondo | bondu | n | a huge amount [W. bo:ndo ‘46656’] | ||
| borez (m) | bóres | bores | m | islander | |
| bori | beor | bör | f | island [W. bori] | |
| borme | borma | boome | f | mountain [*bawrma, metathesis of *bāruma] | |
| bormeï | bormai | n | mountain range (e.g. Dikun Bormai) | ||
| bormez (m) | bormes | m | mountaineer, mountain-dweller | ||
| boroti | v | rub | |||
| Bosan | Bozan | m | Bozan province [W. Bo:saŋ ‘southern Bo:’; cf. Bolon] | ||
| botino | n | the first hours of the day [W. bo tinno ‘one of the day’] | |||
| boume | buma | bumö | f | cow [*] | |
| bóumedouz (m) | bundus | m | barn [‘cow-house’] | ||
| bouz (m) | bus | m | bull | ||
| boyok | m | sum (of money), price; sum [W.] | |||
| boyoki | boyeus | v | count, reckon | ||
| briviku | briays | n | male cousin [dim. of ‘brother’] | ||
| bumeč (š) | búmeč | m | part [*bwunem ‘distribute’] | ||
| bux | bux | bus | m | mouth [*] | |
| bugi | baus | v | say, tell, speak | ||
| bugus (v) | busuc | m | telling, talk | ||
| buguvimi (misiš) | busaum | m | (serious) poem [‘said word’] | ||
| buka(r) | buka | a | Bucair (a Karazi barbarian people) | ||
| bur | bur | a | solid | ||
| burun | boru | a | true | ||
| burunis (r) | braunic | m | truth | ||
| burundeč (š) | brúndeč | m | promise | ||
| burundem | brunde | burudde | v | promise [‘give truth’; i.e. swear by one’s integrity] | |
| burunmeli | brumel | a | truthful, honest | ||
| čalka | čawke | m | table [W. źalka] | ||
| čas (m/b) | čam | m | ash (tree) (acc. čam, pl. cabi) [*] | ||
| čeba (r) | čeva | ṭeô | m | falcon, hawk; name of an emperor [W. źeba] | |
| Čebevi | Čeiy | Ṭeô | a | Čeiyu, relating to Čeiy [ emperor Čeba + -evi] roz Čebevi Čeiy |
|
| čečensem | čečinse | v | send for, order (items) [intensive of ‘send’] | ||
| Čedemu | Čedim | Ṭedôm | n | an Ezičimi warlord; conqueror of the Xengi valley [‘Čez epoch’] | |
| čeijan | čijan | n | hive; wax [W. źaijiyaŋ] | ||
| čeiri | čir | ṭir | v | cook, prepare [*] | |
| čeirirti | čirirc | n | cook, chef | ||
| čeirudo | čirudo | n | cooking | ||
| čejim | čeji | v | bring [*] | ||
| čenke | čeyke | ṭekke | f | sword | |
| čenkim | čeyki | v | strike, attack (a person), assault [*] | ||
| čenkus (v) | čeykuc | m | attack, assault | ||
| čenkirti | čeykirc | ṭenṭšiš | n | soldier, infantryman | |
| čensagu | čensas | n | a Wede:i chief or foreman [W. źensagu ‘leader’] | ||
| čensem | čeyse | ṭentse | v | send [W. źensa] | |
| Četazi | Četas | Ṭetäs | n | Četas, an emperor; a city in Čeiy [‘Čez lightning’] | |
| Čez (m) | Čes | m | the most powerful of the Ezičimi clans | ||
| čeze | čezi | f | cedar [*] | ||
| čiaš | čaš | ṭaš | m | enemy [*] | |
| činčiem | čiyče | v | thrive, prosper [W. źinźi:u ‘grow rapidly’] | ||
| čousik | čuzis | ṭüsi | v | break, collapse [imitative] | |
| čujikim | čaujisi | ṭüḍiši | v | caress [dim. of ‘touch’] | |
| čujikou | čaujiku | n | caress | ||
| čujim | čauji | ṭüḍi | v | touch [*] | |
| Čurou | Čoru | Ṭuru | n | Tžuro (people) | |
| dam | dam | a | flat, smooth [*] | ||
| damoyo | dmoyo | av | really, especially [‘smoothly’] | ||
| damus (v) | damuc | m | board, plank [‘flat thing’] | ||
| data | m | Wede:i in-law— parent of a Ezičimi wife taken from the Wede:i [W. ‘father’] | |||
| datadou | datadu | n | bride-price [‘in-law gift’] | ||
| dax | dax | däs | m | compound, mansion, palace | |
| daxum | dasu | a | rich, refined [OS ḍeaksum ‘it is refined’] | ||
| dai | (da-) | da | a | big | |
| dais (r) | daic | m | bigness | ||
| daz (m) | das | dä | m | wool [*] | |
| deimun | dimu | a | daily | ||
| Deijubori | Jecuor | f | Jecuor island [W. ‘De:iju island’] | ||
| deijun | dûḍu | a | one of the primitive Wede:i of preconquest Čeiy [W. De:iju ‘eastern people’] | ||
| deiz (m) | dis | dis | m | day [*] | |
| dem | de | v | give [*] | ||
| demu (r) | deym | m | time (a moment or period of time) | ||
| demujidim | denjidze | demiḍizi | v | wait, await [‘bear a time’] | |
| demuri | dmaur | dômür | v | continue, last [*] | |
| demuro | dmuro | pp | during, for (a period of time) | ||
| demurun | dmuru | m | length, extent (in time) | ||
| der | der | der | m | door [*] | |
| dex | deš | des | # | ten [*] | |
| dexun | deysu | a | tenfold, dectuple | ||
| dexuri | deysaur | dôkür | a | tenth | |
| dič (d) | dzeš | m | heir [* ‘baby’] | ||
| dime | dzi | zime | # | three [*] | |
| dimi | dzim | zim | a | third [*] | |
| dimun | dzaymu | a | threefold, triple | ||
| dindex | dzindex | ziddes | # | thirty | |
| diwi | dziw | ziw | f | rank, status, position [*] | |
| Doju | Doju | n | Doju river and province [W. ‘east wind’] | ||
| dor | dor | a | hard [*] | ||
| dou | du | zu | n | gift | |
| douga | duga | dugô | m | whale [W. douka] | |
| doumun | dumu | a | domestic, familial | ||
| douče | duče | f | skin; hide, fur | ||
| douz (m) | dus | dus | m | house, family compound [*] | |
| douzi | duz | düs | n | (legal) court; the court system [‘big house’] | |
| douziun | duzyu | a | legal, judicial | ||
| dowo | do | av | none, not [W. dowo] | ||
| dowogu | duox | dooš | pr | nobody [W. dowogu] | |
| doworavem | dworae | v | disappear, vanish [‘go (to) nothing’] | ||
| doworavou | dworau | n | disappearance, vanishing | ||
| dowoyo | duoyo | dooyo | pr | never, nowhere | |
| dul | dzu | zu | pp | between, among, out of | |
| duli | dzuw | a | hollow [*] | ||
| dulis (m) | dzaul | zül | m | genitals, sex organ [nom. of ‘between’] | |
| dus | dzuc | m | back [*] | ||
| dusdem | dzudze | v | trust [‘give the back’] | ||
| duso | dzus | pp | in back of, after | ||
| dusobugi | dzuzovaus | v | recite, perform [‘say afterward’] | ||
| dusobugus (v) | m | recital, performance | |||
| dusočik | dzuzočis | zusöṭi | v | follow; obey [verbalization of ‘after’] | |
| dusočus (v) | dzučuc | m | rite, ritual [‘a following’] | ||
| dusočuvax (k) | dzučúex | m | book of rituals (esp. that used in Axunai) | ||
| dusočuvakei | dzučuaki | zusoṭäki | a | orthodox [‘from the book of rituals’] | |
| dusočuvakudo | zusoṭäšudo | n | (Mešaic) orthodoxy | ||
| dúsodeiz (m) | dzudis | pr | tomorrow (use in nominative or accusative case when it serves as a subject or object, or is itself modified; for a simple time adverbial, use in the locative case: dusodeimo.) [‘after-day’] | ||
| dusokueč (š) | m | ritual dance of the fathers at a wedding | |||
| dusun | dzuzu | a | following, subsequent dusunoyo afterward, next, then |
||
| duxi | dzaus | v | teach, instruct, tutor | ||
| duxirti | dzausirc | n | teacher, instructor | ||
| duxudo | dzusudo | n | instruction, teaching | ||
| duxus (v) | dzusuc | zukus | m | lesson | |
| duzu | n | servant [W. duzul ‘slave’] | |||
| ebeime | evima | ebime | f | oats [*] | |
| eče | eči | eṭe | m | summer [*] | |
| edelmi (r) | edum | edumir | m | fool, idiot | |
| edelmirun | a | foolish, idiotic | |||
| eidemu | idzum | av | now, at this time; today | ||
| eidi | ic | is | f | lake [*] | |
| eige | ige | ige | f | thorn [*] | |
| eiguri | isaur | a | sharp | ||
| eiguris (m) | isauric | m | something sharp; feature, strong point | ||
| eimi | im | im | a | first [*] | |
| eimireilem | mirile | imirile | v | meet, encounter [‘first see’] | |
| eimiruwik | mayrues | emûrüi | v | prefer [‘first want’] | |
| eimiruwou | mayrou | n | preference | ||
| eimiše | imiše | v | begin, start [‘first do’] | ||
| eimuri | imaur | a | primary, chief | ||
| einari | inar | av | here | ||
| ejizem | ejize | v | stick, poke | ||
| ekeiz (m) | ekis | ekis | m | maple [*] | |
| elik | elis | eli | v | live, exist (focus on biological life; cf. komi) [*] | |
| elis (v) | elic | m | life, existence | ||
| eluri | eliri | a | alive, living | ||
| emou (r) | emu | emu | m | old man [*] | |
| Emouriz | Emuris | Emüris | m | a Mešaic god; the planet Imiri [‘old man bear’] | |
| emourudo | murudo | n | wisdom | ||
| emourun | muru | emuru | a | wise [‘old-man-like’] | |
| empoji | empeuš | empöš | v | allow, let, permit [en- ‘to’ + moji ‘can’] | |
| empojudo | empojudo | n | permission | ||
| en | e | pp | to, toward | ||
| endax (k) | éndex | m | custom, tradition, precedent [‘way collection’] | ||
| ende | ende | edde | f | path, way [‘towardness’] ji ende how? |
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| endebugi | endevaus | v | point the way; advise [‘tell way’] | ||
| enke | eyka | pp | for, for the purpose of, in order to, in return for | ||
| enkejim | eykeji | v | provide, nourish [‘in order to eat’] | ||
| enkejudo | eykejaudo | n | provision, nourishment | ||
| enkeravem | eykraem | ekkeräbe | v | intend, aim [‘go for’] | |
| enkeravudo | eykraudo | n | intent, purpose; meaning | ||
| enkeravun | eykraun | a | purposeful, meaningful | ||
| enkeravunači | eykraunač | a | pointless, meaningless | ||
| enšega | eyšega | entšegô | m | sail [OS nşega] | |
| eriz (w) | eris | m | tree [*] | ||
| esi | ez | a | all, every | ||
| esidemu | ezdeym | esidôm | av | always [‘every day’] | |
| esinari | eznar | esinär | av | everywhere | |
| eš | eš | pp | against [*] | ||
| ešen | eši | pp | back to, returning to [eš + en] | ||
| ešendem | ešinde | ešedde | v | return, give back; curve back; counter [‘back-give’] | |
| ešendus (v) | ešindzuc | ešenzus | m | bow (weapon); (anat.) iliac crest [‘curved thing’] | |
| ešenše | ešinse | ešentse | v | react, reply [‘do back’] | |
| ešenšeč (š) | ešínseč | m | reaction, reply | ||
| ešoyo | šoyo | av | however [‘against-like’] | ||
| evo (r) | eo | a | blue [*] | ||
| Evonanu | Evan | n | Evan, one of the Mešaic gods; the lake associated with him [‘blue god’; partial translation of W. Tokna:n] | ||
| ewez (m) | wes | m | a person of the third sex; ‘gay’, ‘butch’ [‘middle-person’] | ||
| ewimo (r) | a | of the third sex | |||
| ewil | eyu | m | middle [*] | ||
| ewil | a | central, middle | |||
| ewildeiz (m) | eudis | m | noon [‘mid-day’] | ||
| ewis (r) | wec | m | world [*] | ||
| ewu (r) | ew | m | grandfather; father-in-law [*] | ||
| ewudou | egaudo | n | dowry [‘father-in-law gift’] | ||
| ewume | euma | ömea | f | grandmother | |
| ezer | ezir | # | thousand [W. eze:r ‘1276’; in very early contexts ezer has this meaning in Axunašin as well] | ||
| eziči | ezič | a | great, powerful [*] | ||
| ezičiz (m) | ezíčis | eziṭis | m | the early Axunaic people | |
| ezičou | eziču | eziṭu | n | greatness | |
| gas (m/b) | gam | m | elm [*] | ||
| gaš | gaš | m | salamander [*] | ||
| geč (d) | geč | geš | m | metal [*] | |
| gedigume | gedzaysu | m | elcar [‘metal-man’] | ||
| gedun | gedzu | a | metallic | ||
| geiji | gij | n | beam, column [W. gaiji] | ||
| geili | gil | gili | f | stream [*] | |
| geilušik | gilaušis | gûlüši | v | cross; ford | |
| geilu | gilum | gûlu | n | wheat [*] | |
| geime | gima | f | beak [*] | ||
| géiveme | geyma | f | noblewoman, lady | ||
| geivez (m) | gies | m | noble, lord | ||
| geivari | giar | a | noble, lordly [*] | ||
| geivarudo | giarudo | n | nobility | ||
| geix | gix | gis | m | weight | |
| geixun | gisu | a | heavy | ||
| gelmi | geun | a | straight [*] | ||
| gelmivati | gewmiac | gômibäs | v | straighten | |
| gemem | gemi | v | initiate, accept | ||
| genji | geji | geḍḍ | v | relate, narrate | |
| genjuvi | gejaup | f | relation, narrative | ||
| gerači | gerač | a | insane, mad [‘no-mind’] | ||
| geračudo | geračudo | n | insanity, madness | ||
| geriči | grič | v | grab, grasp | ||
| gerijili | grijil | v | upset (someone), disturb [‘mix mind’] | ||
| gerisagi | gerizas | v | understand [‘hold in mind’] | ||
| gerisagudo | gerizasudo | n | understanding | ||
| ges (geriš) | gec | ges | m | mind [*] | |
| gexi | ges | gek | v | pretend, imagine [*] | |
| gexou | gesu | n | imagination, pretense | ||
| gez | ges | m | goose [*] | ||
| gi (giwiš) | xiu | ži | m | boy [*] | |
| gime | xima | žime | f | girl [*] | |
| giyura | xayora | f | cube, block [OS giurra] | ||
| giwez (m) | m | a young ewez (mid-sexual) [gi- + ewez] | |||
| gojisem | geujize | v | feed [W. go:źisa ‘make to eat’] | ||
| gókime | goma | f | barrel, canister [W. ŋokma ‘large jar’] | ||
| gonas (b) | gonap | gonäp | m | thief | |
| gonavi | gonay | v | steal | ||
| gonavus (m) | gonauc | m | theft, loss | ||
| gonavudo | gonaudo | n | thievery, burglary | ||
| gopim | geupi | göpi | v | beat (sound) [imitative] | |
| gopus (v) | gópuc | m | beat | ||
| goro | goro | goro | n | temple goreš deiz holy day, festival goreš kejidemu ceremonial feast tek goro jeimi itinerant priest |
|
| Gotanneli | Gotanel | Gotännel | n | Gotanel province [W. ‘far Tanel’] | |
| gourten | gurcu | a | south, southern [‘seaward’] | ||
| gourtor | gurcu | a | north, northern [‘away from the sea’] | ||
| gourtu | gurc | guš | n | sea [W. go:rtu] | |
| gourtun | a | marine, of the sea | |||
| gudu | xudzum | žuzu | m | rat [*] | |
| guetu | xueyc | n | duck | ||
| gule | xule | žule | f | wood | |
| gulun | xulu | a | wooden | ||
| gume | xuma | žume | m | man (excludes ewemi) [W. gu:me] | |
| gumun | a | male, masculine | |||
| gumuri | xumaur | a | human (as substantive, f.) | ||
| gupik | xaupis | v | bark (of dogs) [imitative] | ||
| gušik | xaušis | žüši | v | respect, honor [W. guśu] | |
| gušou | xušu | n | respect, honor | ||
| imi (r) | im | im | m | prince | |
| Inbamu (r) | Imbam | Ibbäm | m | a Mešaic god [*] | |
| ir | ir | a | my [*] | ||
| ituri | aycaur | v | read [W. ituri] | ||
| iturus (v) | ?? | m | lecture | ||
| ituruvax (k) | ?? | m | conference, series of lectures | ||
| iturudo | ?? | n | reading | ||
| izem | ize | v | be [*] | ||
| izudo | izaudo | n | existence | ||
| jadi | jadze | ḍäze | f | pot, bowl [*] | |
| jadivati | jadziac | ḍäzibäs | v | form, shape (a pot) | |
| jadivez (m) | jadzíes | m | potter | ||
| jalan | jaun | ḍälä | m | wave [W. jalan] | |
| jamu | jam | ḍäm | n | thing, matter | |
| japou | japum | ḍäpu | n | goat [*] | |
| jatem | jate | v | measure, compare [W. ja:tu] | ||
| jaz (d) | jad | ḍät | m | buttocks [*] | |
| je | ja | ḍô | f | wheel [W. źe:] | |
| jei | ji | pr | who [*] | ||
| jeim | jin- | m | priest [*] | ||
| jeimuri | a | priestly, clerical | |||
| jeiwe | jiwe | f | spine [*] | ||
| Jeiwor | Jeor | Ḍior | m | Jeor (ancient kingdom; modern province) [W. Jeiwor ‘west Jei’, Jei being the W. name for the Ideis river] | |
| jeiwuri | jigaur | a | spiny | ||
| jen | jen | ḍe | m | forest, woods [W.] | |
| jenevi | jeniy | ḍenep | f | woodsman, forester | |
| Jenweliz | Jewelis | Ḍenwelis | m | a Mešaic goddess; the planet Hírumor [‘old one of the forest] | |
| jerex | jérix | a | merry, glad | ||
| jerik | jeris | a | make merry, carouse, have fun; mock | ||
| jeti | jec | v | laugh [W. źe:ti] | ||
| jexim | jese | v | kill [*] | ||
| jexus (v) | jeysuc | m | killing | ||
| ji- | pr | which one [*] | |||
| jibeï | jivi | ḍibei | v | walk | |
| jibem | jive | ḍibe | v | boil [*] | |
| jibeou | jivú | n | walk | ||
| jič | ješ | ḍiš | m | kidney [*] | |
| jideili | jidil | cj | as a result, because of this [‘and it bore’] | ||
| jidemu | jideym | pr | when (interrogative pronoun) | ||
| jidim | jidze | v | bear; tolerate [*] | ||
| jili | jil | v | stir, mix [W. źili] | ||
| jilme | jima | ḍûme | f | hill [*] | |
| jilmun | a | hilly | |||
| jinari | jinar | pr | where (interrogative pronoun) | ||
| jinarudo | jindrudo | n | contingency, point of view [‘where-ness’] | ||
| jire | jira | ḍire | f | wife [*] | |
| jirowen | m | water clock [W.] | |||
| jirun | f | wifely, of the household | |||
| jišeigu | ješis | n | sex, gender (male, female, or ewimo) [‘which type’] | ||
| jiti | jic | av | question particle [ji ‘which’ + ti ‘this’] | ||
| jitu | av | negative question particle [ji ‘which’ + tu ‘that’] | |||
| jixi | jis | a | weak [*] | ||
| jixiki | jisis | a | thin | ||
| jiximeli | jisimel | a | weak, easily dominated or frustrated | ||
| jixito | jisayc | n | weakling, wimp | ||
| jokonsiz (m) | m | bireme, galley [OS ḍokkonşim] | |||
| jolas (joupiš) | jolac | ḍoläs | m | fruit [*] | |
| jous (v) | juc | ḍus | m | blood [*] | |
| jouve | jue | ḍube | f | war [related to ‘blood’] | |
| jouvimeli | juemel | a | warlike, bellicose | ||
| jouvišik | juešis | v | spill blood to welcome a baby or an ally | ||
| jouvišus (v) | m | bloodletting | |||
| jouvito | juayc | n | copper [nom. of ‘blood’] | ||
| jouz (v) | juc | m | head [*] | ||
| jouguris (k) | jusauris | m | rutabaga [‘head root’] | ||
| jučem | juče | ḍuṭe | v | plant [*] | |
| jugik | jausis | v | dominate, master [*] | ||
| jugirti | jausirc | n | master; nominative case | ||
| Jugimex | Jausimex | m | a god, son of Inbamu and Nejimexi [‘master of domination’] | ||
| Jugiroz (d) | Jausiros | Ḍüžiros | m | name of a philosopher [‘master of the land’] | |
| jugudo | jusudo | n | domination, mastery | ||
| juguvi | jusaup | a | subject (of an action); imbalanced (medically); accusative case [‘mastered’] | ||
| juguvači | jusuač | a | balanced (medically), sane | ||
| jun | jun | ḍu | m | bug, insect [W. źuŋ] | |
| juru | n | goodness, pleasure (archaic) [*] | |||
| jurumi (misiš) | joraumis | m | advice, counsel [‘good word’] | ||
| jurumii | joraumi | n | baths, hot springs [‘good water’] | ||
| jurumik | joraumis | ḍurümi | v | advise, counsel | |
| jurumirtax (k) | jorumíex | n | council | ||
| jurumirti | joraumirc | ḍurümiš | n | councillor, advisor | |
| juruš | još | a | good [‘of goodness’] | ||
| juxou | jusu | ḍuku | n | spear, pike | |
| juxirti | n | spearman, pikeman | |||
| juz (d) | jud | ḍut | m | hole [*] | |
| kago | kasum | käžu | n | basket [W. kago] | |
| kakou | kaku | n | heel [*] | ||
| Kalei | Kali | Käli | f | the Kali river in Bolon [W. Kalye ‘good river’] | |
| kalik | kalis | käli | v | please [W. kal ‘good’] šoban id kali the oatmeal pleases me, I like the oatmeal |
|
| kaluvuri | kalaur | a | grateful [from kaluvi ‘pleased’] | ||
| kaluvurudo | kalorudo | n | gratitude, thankgsiving | ||
| kapi | kapi | v | worship [*] | ||
| kapudo | kapudo | n | worship kapudo goreš temple worship (led by priests) kapudo komei home worship (led by fathers) |
||
| kawaki | kagas | a | dry | ||
| kaymi | kaym | käym | v | buy [Jeori kaymî, from W. ka:imu] | |
| kaymus (v) | káymuc | m | purchase, sale | ||
| kaynesi | kaynes | v | sell [Jeori kaymśi, lexicalized dative-passive of ‘buy’] | ||
| kazin | kazi | a | Caďinorian [Caďinor] | ||
| Kazineli | Kazinel | n | the Caďinorian empire | ||
| keč (d) | ked | m | a type of long bark beetle [*] | ||
| keï | pr | they [*] | |||
| keiben | kiven | a | west, western [‘duskward’] | ||
| keibu | kip | kûp | n | twilight, dusk [*] | |
| keir | kir | m | house, hut (smaller than a douz) [*] | ||
| keixi | kis | kik | v | grow, expand [*] | |
| keixou | n | growth | |||
| keixokun | kissu | m | shoot, seedling | ||
| kejikim | v | take a bite, eat a little [dim. of ‘eat’] | |||
| kejim | keji | v | eat [*] | ||
| kejidemu | kejideym | n | meal [‘eating time’] | ||
| kenke | keyka | n | shoe [W. keŋka] | ||
| kenkeï | n | boot [augm. of ‘shoe’] | |||
| keno | keno | cj | if, if not (follows if-clause expressed in negative mood; followed by subjunctive) | ||
| kerez (m) | kris | m | guilt [*] | ||
| kešik | kešis | v | split, sunder, chop off [onomatopoeia] | ||
| kete | keti | f | 216 (a gross and a half— a common quantity in Xengiman since the days of the Wede:i base 6 system) [W. ke:ta] | ||
| kezax (k) | m | law code | |||
| kezi | kes | v | command (said of gods and rulers; cf. yati) [*] | ||
| kezus (v) | kéyzuc | m | command, order, law | ||
| kie | xe | še | f | body [*] | |
| kieravati | xeraci | v | exercise, train [‘body movement’] | ||
| kieravatudo | xeracudo | n | exercise, training | ||
| kiedem | xede | v | embody, create | ||
| kiedou | xedu | n | creation | ||
| kimem | ximi | v | put, place, apply | ||
| kimin | xim | m | bodily substance, organ [‘body-element’] | ||
| kiristeč (š) | xiríceč | m | knot | ||
| kiristem | xirice | v | tie, make a knot | ||
| kirti | xirc | n | lemon [Caď. citro] | ||
| kiul | xayu | šul | m | sky [*] | |
| kiun | xun | a | sour | ||
| kiuri | xaur | a | bodily, physical | ||
| kivi | kip | šip | v | swim [poss. based on kizi] | |
| kivinex | xínex | m | pool, fountain [‘swimming basin’] | ||
| kizi | xis | šis | v | slip, slide [*] | |
| kokem | koke | koke | v | knock, hit [imitative] | |
| koku | kos | n | blow, knock, thud | ||
| kome | koma | kome | f | hearth, home [*] komu at home |
|
| komeli | komel | a | peaceful; sedentary [‘home-loving’] | ||
| komeï | komei | n | the secular or physical world [calque on W. komoma] | ||
| komi | keum | v | live, inhabit (focus on place; cf. elik) | ||
| kominari | keunar | f | residence, habitation | ||
| komez (m) | m | resident, inhabitant | |||
| komiki | keumis | v | spend time in, visit (for an extended time) | ||
| komroz (d) | koros | kobros | m | family [‘hearth folk’] | |
| kon | kon | ko | m | jewel [ultimately from Elkarîl] | |
| kokoribi | kokrip | v | whine, rant [intensive of koribi] | ||
| koribi | keurip | köribe | v | complain | |
| korxe | koxa | f | morel (type of mushroom) | ||
| kouli | kul | v | gather, collect [*] | ||
| koulax | kúlex | n | pile, heap [‘gatherings’] | ||
| koulou | kulum | kulu | n | clam [W. ka:ulau] | |
| kouludo | kuludo | n | harvest; autumn | ||
| Kouraz | Kuras | Kuräs | m | Skouras [OS Skouras] | |
| kourazez (m) | kurázes | kuräzes | m | Skourene (person) | |
| kouz | kum | m | louse | ||
| kue | xua | šua | f | hen [*] | |
| kueč (š) | xweč | m | fight | ||
| kuikim | xauke | v | skirmish [‘little fight’] | ||
| kuim | xwe | ši | v | fight [*] | |
| kulana | xulana | n | cod [W.] | ||
| kumeli | xumel | a | argumentative | ||
| kumun | xumun | a | wondrous, awesome [from ‘awe’] | ||
| Kuranaku | Xoranas | n | The Koranax; Gurdago [OS Skuranaku ‘New Skouras’] | ||
| kuranakari | xoranakri | a | Gurdagor, of Gurdago or the Koranax | ||
| Kurančal | Xorayčau | Šuräṭṭäl | m | the Šurantal (the Skourene sea) [OS Skuranṭal] | |
| kure | xora | šure | a | dawn, sunrise | |
| kuren | a | east, eastern [‘dawnward’] | |||
| Kureno | Xurno | Šureno | n | Xurno [‘dawning (nation)’] | |
| kuris (k) | xauris | m | root | ||
| kurivati | xauriac | v | reach, attain [‘beside’ + causative] | ||
| kuro | xur | pp | beside | ||
| kuroxamim | krosam | šurokämi | v | emerge, branch out [‘side-come’] | |
| kuroxamou | krosamu | n | branch; confluence [‘branching’] | ||
| Kurun | Kuru | m | Kurund (Tžuro emperor) [Tžuro] | ||
| kurtik | xorcis | v | help [verbalization of kuro ‘beside’] | ||
| kurtudo | xorcudo | n | help | ||
| kurtudai | xorcuda | n | Adjutance (imperial ministry) [‘help’ + W. localizer] | ||
| kus | m | side [*] | |||
| kus (kuriš) | xuc | m | leg [*] | ||
| kuwiz | xwes | m | core, pit (of fruit) [*] | ||
| kuz (m) | xus | m | wonder, awe [*] | ||
| kuzayari | xuziar | a | Cuzeian | ||
| Kuzaye | Xuzay | Šuzäye | f | Cuzei | |
| kuzun | xuzu | šuzu | m | wonder, marvel | |
| laji | laj | v | hit [*] | ||
| lajou | laju | n | blow | ||
| lavi | lay | a | yellow [*] | ||
| laviji | laiš | läbiš | f | bee [half-calque on W. źaiji ‘yellow’ + nom.] | |
| leïk | leis | leyk | v | glow, glimmer [*] | |
| lejegu | lejis | n | official, bureaucrat [W. leźugu ‘trustee’] | ||
| li | li | cj | and | ||
| lič (š) | leš | liš | m | face | |
| lišo | leš | pp | in front of, facing | ||
| lišun | layšu | a | superficial [‘of the face’] | ||
| losu | los | los | n | moose, elk [W. losu] | |
| louk | luk | cj | so, therefore, because[W. la:uk] | ||
| louji | luj | lüš | f | money, coin [W. lauji] loujie dem pay |
|
| loujimex | lujimex | m | treasurer [‘master of money’] dax loujimexiš treasury |
||
| lousem | luze | luse | v | summon [W. la:usa] | |
| lumi | laum | lüm | v | wash [W. lumu, from lu: ‘water’] | |
| lure | lora | lure | f | wrist [*] | |
| lučezagu | lučas | n | engineer, builder [W. lu:źensagu ‘irrigation works designer’, lit. ‘water-driver’] | ||
| mabik | mavis | mäbi | v | love [from babytalk] | |
| mabiou | mavyu | n | love (familial or sexual) | ||
| mabirti | mavirc | n | lover | ||
| mal | mau | a | bald, bare, barren | ||
| malto | mauto | n | bald man | ||
| makim | mase | v | defeat, conquer [W. ma:ku] | ||
| makokun | m | conqueror | |||
| makou | maku | n | defeat, conquest | ||
| manayuma | manyuma | m | the manayuma flower (noted for its spherical head) [W. maŋayuma] | ||
| mar | mar | m | warp (of loom) [W. ma:r] | ||
| mata | ma(t) | cj | or | ||
| megou | meysum | môžu | n | glue; dough [*] | |
| medimeli | medzimel | a | (properly) filial, respectful [‘son-hearted’] | ||
| Meï | Mei | Mey | f | a Mei [from Mei] | |
| meidi | mic | mis | f | field [*] | |
| meidemax (k) | mídzex | m | peasantry; the masses, the people | ||
| meidez (m) | mídes | mides | m | farmer, peasant | |
| Meidimexi | Midzimes | f | the Mešaic earth goddess; the planet Vlerëi [‘field mistress’] | ||
| mein | min | m | star [W. ma:in] | ||
| meiruj | miruj | mûruš | m | brain [*] | |
| meivu | mip | a | rich [*] | ||
| meivis (r) | miuc | m | prosperity, wealth | ||
| mek | mis | me | v | have [*] | |
| melen | meli | mele | m | heart [W. melen] | |
| melenuri | melinaur | a | close to one’s heart; friend | ||
| Menál | Mnau | Menäl | m | Mnau peninsula [OS Melnali] | |
| menalun | mnalu | a | of Mnau; outlandish, shocking | ||
| menu | meyn | môn | m | hand [*] | |
| menošik | mneušis | v | beckon, make a gesture | ||
| menošu | mneušu | n | gesture | ||
| Meša (r) | Meša | Mešô | m | chief of the pre-Endajué pantheon; the planet Išira [related to mex?] | |
| Meuneli | n | a Čia-Ša state in Šaxun [Čia-Ša ‘heroic’ + Ax. ‘land’] | |||
| mex | m | master (chiefly used as a suffix) [*] | |||
| mexi | mes | mek | f | mistress [*] | |
| mez (d) | (me)mis | mes | m | son [*] | |
| mi (misiš) | (mi-) | m | word [*] | ||
| mibugi | mayvaus | v | recite (poetry) [‘say words’] | ||
| midem | mide | mide | v | decide, announce [‘give the word’] | |
| midirti | midzirc | n | judge [‘decider’] | ||
| migume | maysu | mûžume | m | iliu [‘water-man’] | |
| mii | mi | mi | n | water [*] | |
| mikwen | miswen | mišwe | m | rope, cord; muscle [W.] mikwen lišoxiei sterno-mastoid mikwen kuroxiei trapezoid (muscle) |
|
| mimeidi | mimic | f | bog, swamp [‘water-field’] | ||
| min | min | m | substance, material, element [W. miŋ] | ||
| minem | mine | mine | v | wrap | |
| minurem | mnaur | v | wear clothes; wear | ||
| minus (v) | mínuc | m | robe, wrapped not fitted clothing | ||
| minurax (k) | mnorex | m | clothing; outfit | ||
| mipivu | maypayvu | n | parent (usually used in plural) [mivu + pivu] | ||
| misimeli | mizmel | a | verbose, talky, loquacious [‘word-loving’] | ||
| miun | myun | a | watery, liquid | ||
| miunšik | myušis | v | water, dilute | ||
| miunšeč (š) | myúšeč | m | dilution, solution | ||
| mivu | mayp | mûp | n | mother [*] | |
| mivuri | maybri | a | maternal | ||
| mogolou | moglu | n | oyster [W. mogalau] | ||
| mogou | mogu | n | peach [W.] | ||
| moji | meuš | v | may, might (auxiliary) | ||
| monzi | moz | monts | n | girl, maiden [W. mo:nzi] | |
| monzin | mozi | a | girlish, maidenly | ||
| moš | pr | you [*] | |||
| mouli | mul | a | soft [*] | ||
| mouludo | muludo | n | softness; lovemaking | ||
| moulus (v) | múluc | m | blouse, woman’s shirt [‘breast thing’] | ||
| moulušik | mulaušis | mulüši | v | give suck [‘use the breast’] | |
| moun | mun | mu | m | panther, leopard; also the name of a god, and of province [W. maun] | |
| mounevi | n | a resident of Moun province | |||
| mounez (m) | muney | munep | m | icëlan [‘of Moun (the god)’] | |
| mous (l) | muc | mus | m | breast [PE *mouls ‘soft thing’] | |
| mouz (m) | mus | m | cotton bole | ||
| mu | mu | pp | with; by means of [*] | ||
| muč (d) | mud | muš | m | sheep [*] | |
| muelik | mwelis | v | know, be acquainted or familiar with [‘live with’] | ||
| muelis (v) | m | acquaintance, familiarity | |||
| mumurim | mure | v | fold, fold over [intensive of ‘turn’] | ||
| Munjaz | Múnjas | Muḍḍäs | m | Munkhâsh | |
| murim | maure | v | turn around; change; spiritually advance [W. muri] | ||
| mureč (š) | moreč | m | a turn or change; a level or plane of being in Mešaic thought [W. mura] Sigadu mureši the Hundred Planes, the universe soumiš mureč a season |
||
| murus (v) | móruc | m | change; form, stage; form of a word X muruvo shaped like X; like X |
||
| muruvax (k) | morex | m | (morphological) paradigm; grammar | ||
| mutuči | mucauč | cj | moreover, also [mu tuč li ‘and with that’] | ||
| muxi | maus | a | many (with pl.), much (with s.) [*] | ||
| muxidemu | av | often, frequently | |||
| muxinari | mausinar | av | in many places, all over | ||
| muxiwa | mausiga | av | much, a lot | ||
| muze | muza | muzô | f | mosquito [*] | |
| naka | naka | näkô | m | hemp [W.] | |
| nakaz (m) | nákam | näkä | m | rope | |
| Namal | Namau | Nämäl | m | the Namal [OS] | |
| naya | na | cj | that (subordinated clause precedes) | ||
| nanudeč (š) | nándeč | m | sacrifice, offering | ||
| nanudem | nande | nände | v | sacrifice [loan-trans. of W. na:nku:ru ‘god-give’] | |
| nanuduvi | nandzaup | a | sacred, holy [‘god-given’] | ||
| nanu | nan | nän | n | god, goddess [W. na:n] | |
| nanudič (d) | nándzeš | m | chimera; child of two gods [‘god-heir’] | ||
| nanuminudo | namaynudo | n | superstition [‘god-wrapping’] | ||
| nanuri | nanaur | a | godly, divine | ||
| narange | nange | närägge | f | orange [Caďinor narange] | |
| nari (rei) | nar | f | place [*] | ||
| narideč (š) | mrídeč | m | grant of land; monastery | ||
| naridečez (m) | mridéčes | m | monk, nun | ||
| naridem | mride | närde | v | grant, bestow (esp. land) [‘land-give’] | |
| nawuna | nauna | m | peace | ||
| nebi | nep | nep | # | nine [*] | |
| nebou | nevu | n | nephew, niece [*] | ||
| nebun | a | ninefold, nonuple | |||
| neburi | neyvaur | nôbür | a | ninth | |
| neč (š) | neč | neš | m | birth | |
| nedex | nedeš | nedes | # | ninety | |
| nege | negi | nege | f | daughter [*] | |
| neičun | niču | m | iron [Elkarîl tñêchôŋ] | ||
| neikwen | niswen | m | cart, wagon [W. ŋaikwen] | ||
| neir | nir | nir | m | fate, destiny [*] | |
| neiri | a | fateful, predestined | |||
| neirxamokun | nirzamosu | n | opportunity, chance [‘come by fate’] | ||
| neje | neja | neḍô | f | foot [*] | |
| neji | n | craft, freeman’s work (cf. šigi) [*] | |||
| neji | nej | v | work (as a craftsman or freeman); craft, fashion | ||
| neji | f | moon (archaic) [*] | |||
| Nejimex | Nejimex | m | the moon Iliažë [‘moon-master’] | ||
| Nejimexi | Nejimes | f | the moon Iliacáš [‘moon-mistress’] | ||
| Nejimez (d) | Nejimémis | m | the moon Naunai [‘moon-son’] | ||
| nelema | nelima | m | shipping container, box [OS ŋlema] | ||
| nem | ne | ne | v | be born [*] | |
| nemurem | neymore | nômme | v | sleep | |
| nemurus (v) | neymoruc | nômmus | m | sleep, rest | |
| neruwen | neywen | m | noble’s bed (i.e. not a peasant’s straw bed) [W.] neruweno wedeï concubine [‘bed-slave’] |
||
| nevi | ney | pp | over, above | ||
| neviberiš | neybreš | m | upper arm [‘above arm’] | ||
| nevičik | neičis | nebiṭi | v | descend, sink; become corrupt or sinful | |
| nevičudo | neičaudo | n | descent; corruption, wickedness | ||
| nevidus | neidzuc | nebûzus | m | shoulder [‘top of back’] | |
| neviwei | newe | n | brow [‘above eye’] | ||
| nevivati | neyac | v | cover | ||
| nevus (v) | néyuc | m | covering; ewemi cap | ||
| nex | nex | m | basin, wide bowl; cradle [unusual nominalization of nem] | ||
| nibo | nivo | n | loincloth, underwear [W. ŋiboji] | ||
| ninmalevi | nimaley | n | trader, merchant | ||
| ninmali | nimal | nimäl | v | trade, engage in business [W. niŋmali] | |
| ninmalai | nimala | n | market [W. niŋmala:i] | ||
| nive | nye | nibe | f | king | |
| nivešuz (m) | nyešus | m | kingdom [‘king-land’] | ||
| nivedax | nyedax | m | (royal) court [‘king-mansion’] | ||
| niveï | nyei | nibey | n | emperor [‘king’ + augmentative] | |
| nivegume | m | royalist; supporter of the king or emperor | |||
| nivelouji | nyeluj | f | taxes [‘king-money’] | ||
| nivujez (m) | nayvújes | nûbuḍes | m | minister [‘king’s ear’, loan translation of W. moganopaźiwa] eimi nivujez prime minister |
|
| nivuri | nyeri | a | royal, kingly | ||
| Nayormen | Niormen | Näyome | m | Niormen province [W. Na:iworma:n ‘Greater Na:iwor’] | |
| niwo (r) | nio | m | grace (beauty of movement) [*] | ||
| niwun | niu | a | graceful | ||
| nixi | nis | nis | f | snow [*] | |
| nixik | nisi | niki | v | snow | |
| nixo (r) | níses | a | white [‘snowy’] | ||
| niyan | nyan | niyä | m | linen [W. ŋiyan] | |
| niujem | nyuje | v | rest, nap [OS ŋiuḍḍa ‘nap’] | ||
| niz | nis | m | nut [*] | ||
| nobiči | neuvič | nöbiš | n | redcane (reedy plant used as kindling, roofing, etc.) [W. no:biźi ‘red grass’] nobiči tešuš clavicle |
|
| nolsik | nowsis | v | burn [W. ŋolsu] | ||
| nolsuvi | nowsú | f | ashes, remains [‘burnt’] | ||
| nolzau | nozau | n | glass; enamel [W. ŋolzau] | ||
| notaneli | notanel | n | steppe, desert [W. ŋotaŋeli] | ||
| nou | n | wedding [*] | |||
| noumik | numis | nümi | v | marry (syntax: S1 mu S2; verb in plural) | |
| noumuvi | numaup | a | married (of women) | ||
| noumuvači | numuač | a | unmarried; virginal (of women) | ||
| noune | nune | nune | f | street [W. ŋa:una] | |
| noui | nu | nu | v | rain [*] | |
| nous (nouwiš) | nuc | nus | n | rain | |
| noxu | nox | noku | n | night [*] | |
| noxun | a | nightly, nocturnal | |||
| nudi | nuc | nüs | f | finger [*] | |
| nudišik | nudzis | v | point, indicate | ||
| nudišuri | f | locative (case) | |||
| nugi | naus | nüš | f | throat [*] | |
| nugišik | naušis | nüžiši | v | swallow [‘use the throat’] | |
| nui | naui | v | succor, comfort [*] Id nu! Alas! |
||
| nul | nu(mel) | a | healthy [W. nu:l] | ||
| nulači | nulač | a | sick, ill [‘unhealthy’] | ||
| nulačito | n | sick man, patient | |||
| nulseč (š) | núseč | m | cure, healing | ||
| nulsem | nuse | nuse | v | cure, heal [W. nu:lsa] | |
| nulsirti | nusirc | nusiš | n | doctor, physician | |
| nulsixavou | nusixau | n | medicine (art) | ||
| nuludo | n | health | |||
| numidem | naunde | v | name, give a name to | ||
| numišebari | naušvar | nüšebär | v | sign; approve [‘sign one’s name’] | |
| numišebareč (š) | naušváreč | n | signature, approval | ||
| nuve | nue | nube | f | cat | |
| nuvike | iweka | nübikô | f | kitten | |
| nuz (m) | nus | nus | m | name [*] | |
| omik | eumis | v | think peš X omik think about X |
||
| omonik | omeunis | omöni | v | deliberate, seriously consider [intensive of omik] | |
| omou | omu | n | (the facility of) thought; collective opinion | ||
| omudeč (š) | omúdeč | m | puzzle, riddle [‘thing of great thought’] | ||
| omudečik | omudečis | v | puzzle, confound | ||
| omudečuri | a | puzzling | |||
| omus (v) | ómuc | omus | m | thought, idea | |
| or | o | pp | out of, away from, from | ||
| oravem | orae | v | leave [‘go out of’] | ||
| oravou | orau | n | departure | ||
| orivati | v | deviate from, go astray; disobey; commit a crime [verbalization of ‘away’] | |||
| orivatus (v) | m | deviation; disobedient act, crime vumun orivatus double crime (people accusing each other) |
|||
| orjibeï | ojivi | orḍibei | v | exile oneself, abandon a community; kill oneself [‘walk away’] | |
| orjibirti | orjivirc | n | exile; hermit; suicide | ||
| orgume | orguma | m | outsider, stranger | ||
| orkimem | orkime | v | hide [‘put away’] | ||
| orkimuvi | orkaymaup | a | hidden | ||
| orkirti | n | assassin [‘hider’] | |||
| orkirtušik | v | assassinate | |||
| orpuek | orpwis | v | abandon, leave (behind), reject [‘spit away’] | ||
| orpuou | orpú | n | abandonment, rejection | ||
| ous (v) | uc | us | m | nose [*] | |
| pačiwa | pačiga | m | Wede:i king [W. paźiwa ‘king’] | ||
| palin | pali | av | more [W. palin ‘again’] palin |
||
| palindeč (š) | páundeč | m | addition; infix | ||
| palindem | paunde | pälidde | v | add, increase; embroider [‘give more’] | |
| palindex | a | additive, added; the non-simple tenses formed by infixation | |||
| palindudo | paundudo | n | embroidery | ||
| palinma | plima | av | very; extra; con gusto [palin + W. augmentative -ma] | ||
| palinun | playnu | a | additional, another | ||
| pas (v) | pas | päs | m | lips | |
| pavičik | payčis | päbiṭi | v | kiss; salute, greet | |
| pavičus (v) | payčus | päbûṭus | m |
kiss; greeting | |
| peiji | pij | v | fear, be afraid [W. paiju] | ||
| peijou | piju | piḍu | n | fear | |
| peijudem | pijude | v | scare, alarm [‘give fear’] | ||
| peimem | pime | pime | v | take [*] | |
| peivi | pip | pp | before [*] | ||
| peivideiz (m) | pídis | av | yesterday (usage: see dúsodeiz) | ||
| pejim | peje | peḍi | v | stand; stay [*] | |
| pejimeli | pejimel | a | faithful, loyal [‘standing’] | ||
| peli | pel | cj | but, although | ||
| peliwa | peliga | cj | contrariwise, on the contrary [peli + adv.] | ||
| pendex | pendex | peddes | # | fifty | |
| penk | peyk | pekk | # | five [*] | |
| penkun | peyku | a | fivefold, quintuple | ||
| penkuri | peykaur | pentšür | a | fifth | |
| peš | peš | pp | around, near; about | ||
| pešbugi | pebaus | pešibüš | v | discuss | |
| pešenke | pešike | f | (archaic) band; household, establishment | ||
| pešikus (v) | m | vest, half-coat [dim. of ‘coat’] | |||
| pešun | peyšu | a | ready, available [‘nearish’] | ||
| pešunšik | peyšušis | pôšuntši | v | prepare, make ready | |
| pešus (v) | peyšuc | m | coat, cloak [nom. of ‘around’] | ||
| petibim | pecive | pesibi | v | praise [variant of petim: ‘sing praises of’] | |
| petibou | pecivu | n | praise | ||
| petim | pece | pes | v | sing [*] | |
| pideč (š) | pideč | m | song | ||
| pidi | pic | pis | v | drink [*] | |
| pididouz (m) | m | inn, tavern [‘drink-house’] | |||
| pija | pija | piḍô | m | dirt, filth [W. ‘mud’] | |
| pijun | a | dirty, filthy | |||
| pijuvati (tiš) | payjuac | pûḍubäs | v | pervert, corrupt (sexually) [‘make dirty’] | |
| pijuvatudo | payjuacudo | n | perversion, promiscuity, sexual immorality | ||
| pijuvi | f | pervert, libertine | |||
| Pikei | Piki | Piki | f | the Piki river in Bolon [W. Pikye ‘green river’] | |
| pilik | pilis | pili | v | press (down) [*] | |
| piludo | pilaudo | n | pressure | ||
| piluvi | plaup | pûlüp | f | paper; felt [‘pressed’] | |
| piluvik | páyles | m | document [‘little paper’] | ||
| pinatino | picino | n | the 5th hours of the day [W. pina tinno ‘five of the day’] | ||
| pipidi | pipic | pipis | v | get drunk [intensive of ‘drink’] | |
| pipidun | a | drunk | |||
| pipidunto | n | drunkard | |||
| pivu | payp | pûp | n | father [*] | |
| pivui | n | sire, lord [‘great father’] | |||
| pivuri | payvaur | a | paternal, fatherly | ||
| podei | podi | podi | f | dog | |
| pojem | poje | poḍe | v | drive (animals, a cart) [*] | |
| popoukim | pope | v | drop [reduplication of ‘fall’] | ||
| poukim | puse | püši | v | fall [onomatopoeia] | |
| poukuvi | púsaup | f | a free Ezičiz fallen into near-slavery | ||
| poudex | pudex | pudes | # | twenty | |
| poudi | puc | püs | a | second [*] | |
| poudik | pudzis | v | repeat, imitate | ||
| poudiwa | puciga | av | again; secondly; besides, apart from this | ||
| poudixamim | puxame | püzgämi | v | return, go back [‘come again’] | |
| poudixamou | puxamu | n | return | ||
| poudou | n | repetition; imitation | |||
| pouzem | puze | v | trot (animals) [*] | ||
| poze | poza | pozô | f | flea [*] | |
| puč | puš | puš | m | stomach [*] | |
| pudi | a | deep [*] | |||
| puek | puis | v | spit; hate, reject [imitative] | ||
| puou | n | hatred | |||
| pu (r) | a | few, some | |||
| Puro | Puro | Puro | n | a river north of the upper Xengi | |
| Puroneli | Pronel | Puronel | n | Pronel, the Puro valley | |
| pus (l) | puc | pus | m | floor [*] | |
| puteč (š) | púteč | m | spill | ||
| putik | paucis | v | spill | ||
| puvi | paup | püp | f | stone, rock [*] | |
| rabo | ravom | n | hemp cloth [W. ra:bo ‘cloth’] rabo kuriš woman’s trousers rabo renkiei man’s skirt |
||
| račazi | račaze | räṭä | n | whore, prostitute [W. raźazi] | |
| rame | rama | rämô | f | frog [*] | |
| ran | ray | pp | in, into, inside | ||
| Ran | Ran | Rä | m | the Ran river, main river of Rajjay [W. Ra:n] | |
| ranax (k) | ránex | m | intestines, guts [‘in’ + collective] | ||
| ranaxun | ransu | a | profound; esoteric, magical [‘guts’ + adjectivizer] | ||
| ranaxunudo | ransudo | n | magic, alchemy | ||
| Ranjavi | Rajjay | n | of Ranji (town); thus, Rajjay province | ||
| ransuzik | ransauzis | räntsüzi | v | dig [‘in-earth’] | |
| ransuzinari | sauznar | f | fort [‘diggings’] | ||
| ranuri | ranaur | a | interior monzi ranuri temple courtesan |
||
| ras (v) | rac | räs | m | justice [*] | |
| rasun | a | just | |||
| rasunači | razunači | a | unjust | ||
| rauni | raun | rôün | f | tongue [*] | |
| raunišik | raunešis | v | verbally abuse | ||
| ravati | reac | v | move [‘make to go’] | ||
| ravem | rae | räbe | v | go [*] | |
| ravimeli | raymel | a | justice-loving | ||
| ravun | rau | a | farther, distant [‘going’] | ||
| raxim | rase | v | throw | ||
| raz (m) | ram | rä | m | flax [*] | |
| redem | rede | rede | v | fly [*] | |
| redou | redu | n | flight | ||
| redweli | redwel | n | harefoil (an herb) [‘rabbit-leaf’] | ||
| reii | ri | ri | v | flow, run [*] | |
| reilači | rilač | a | invisible | ||
| reileč (š) | ríleč | m | object, thing, item [‘something seen’] | ||
| reildem | riwde | ride | v | show, reveal [‘give sight’] | |
| reildudo | riwdzudo | n | revelation | ||
| reilim | rile | v | see [*] X reilozi Here is X (lit., you see X) X mu C Y reilei X saw Y to be C |
||
| reilušik | rilaušis | rûlüši | v | seem, appear | |
| reilušeč (š) | rilúšeč | m | seeming, appearance | ||
| reimax (k) | rímex | m | outline [‘line collection’] | ||
| reimidem | rinde | v | draw [‘give a line’] | ||
| reina | rina | rinô | m | river [‘flow-thing’] | |
| reis (v) | ric | ris | m | wolf [*] | |
| reiz (m) | ris | m | line [*] | ||
| reizo (r) | rizo | a | long; extensive | ||
| reme | rema | remô | f | milk [*] | |
| remevati | remyac | rembäs | v | milk | |
| renim | rene | rene | v | believe [*] | |
| reneč (š) | m | belief, faith | |||
| renki | reyk | f | thigh [*] | ||
| reravirti | rerayc | räbiš | n | nomad, barbarian [‘rover’] | |
| reravem | rerae | v | rove, wander (because one has no fixed abode), live nomadically [intensive of ‘go’] | ||
| res (d) | red | ret | m | rabbit | |
| revi | rey | a | new [*] | ||
| revišaruvudo | n | millenialism, the expectation that a revi šarus or new cosmic cycle is beginning | |||
| revito | n | newbie, novice | |||
| revudo | reudo | n | newness, novelty | ||
| rexi | res | rek | v | climb [*] | |
| ri (riziš) | ri | m | seed; semen [*] | ||
| ri | pr | thou [*] | |||
| riguz (m) | raysum | raysaum | m | chestnut [*] | |
| riji | rij | a | clear, open | ||
| rijou (juš) | riju | n | clearing, space; cell, room | ||
| rimi | rim | rim | v | weave [W. rimu] | |
| rimikou | riyku | n | nest [‘little woven thing’] | ||
| rintuka | ricuka | tsukô | m | rye beer [W. riŋtuka] | |
| rir | rir | a | your [*] | ||
| ririšem | rireše | ririše | v | examine, inspect [intensive of ‘look’] | |
| rišem | reše | v | look, look at [*] | ||
| riši | reš | a | high; tall [*] | ||
| rišidem | rešide | v | raise, lift [‘give height’] | ||
| riširavem | rešrae | v | ride [‘go tall’] | ||
| rišito | rešayc | a | tall person | ||
| rizax (k) | rízex | m | testicles [‘seed container’] | ||
| rizi | ris | v | smile [*] | ||
| rodun | rodzu | a | popular, vulgar, of the masses [from roz] | ||
| rogi | reus | v | imprison, jail | ||
| rogu | ros(ik) | n | prison cell | ||
| roguvi | rosaup | rožüp | f | imprisoned; prisoner | |
| Ronal | Ronau | Ronäl | m | Gulf of Ronau | |
| roneč (š) | róneč | m | enclosure | ||
| roni | reun | rön | v | enclose, cut off [*] | |
| ronus | rónuc | n | wall | ||
| rori | reu | a | beautiful [*] | ||
| roris (r) | réuric | röris | m | beauty (of form) | |
| roriše | reuše | v | beautify, decorate | ||
| rorito | reurayc | n | a beautiful man or woman | ||
| rotik | reucis | v | pull, drag | ||
| roum | rum | a | wide [*] | ||
| rous (d) | rud | m | bile | ||
| rouz (m) | rus | rus | m | apple [*] | |
| roz (d) | ros | ros | m | people, folk, nation | |
| ruč (d) | ruš | ruš | m | ice [*] | |
| rudem | rude | v | offer [‘give to want’] | ||
| rudi | ruc | f | meadow, field [*] | ||
| Rudineli | Rüzinel | n | Luduyn [‘ice land’] | ||
| ruji | rauš | f | cold [*] | ||
| rujis (r) | raujic | rüḍis | m | winter | |
| rujun | ruju | a | cold | ||
| rujidi | rauj | a | red [*] | ||
| ruki | raus | v | scurry, run (small animals or insects), run around (e.g. children) [dim. of ruti ‘run’] | ||
| runei | runi | runi | f | city [W. ruŋa:i ‘city-state’] | |
| runeiji | runije | runiḍe | f | crab (as n, name of a god) [W. rukŋa:iji] | |
| runeiri | runir | a | urban, civic | ||
| runi | raun | rün | v | govern, rule [W. ruŋu] | |
| runirti | raunirc | rüniš | n | governor [‘ruler’] | |
| runje | ruje | ruḍḍe | f | bend [*] | |
| runou | ruywen | runu | n | grass [*] | |
| runuri | a | governmental, official [‘ruling’] | |||
| ruti | rauc | rüs | v | run, rush [W. ruti ‘hurry’] | |
| rutun | rucu | a | hurried; eager | ||
| ruwen | m | loom[W.] | |||
| ruwik | rues | v | desire, want [*] | ||
| ruwou | rou | n | desire [*] | ||
| ruz (g) | rus | m | horn [*] | ||
| ruzeneč (š) | ruzéneč | m | request | ||
| ruzenem | ruzene | v | ask, request (dative expression) [‘want to know’] | ||
| rukweli | ruxwel | n | poplar [‘horn-leaf’] | ||
| Sabi | f | the Sainor people | |||
| sagi | sas | säš | v | take hold of; sleep with [*] | |
| sagokun | a | genitive (case), owned | |||
| sagokunu | n | ownership | |||
| saguvi | sasaup | a | pregnant [‘slept with’] | ||
| sakandik | xandzis | sägzi | v | fish | |
| sakane | xana | skäne | f | fish [W. sakana] | |
| Sarnari | Saynar | Särinel | f | Sarnáe (west half of Dhekhnam) [Caďinor Sarinaren] | |
| saviku | says | säbûš | n | female cousin | |
| savu | sap | säp | n | sister [*] | |
| seče | seči | seṭe | # | six [*] | |
| sečun | seyču | a | sixfold, sextuple | ||
| sečuri | seyčaur | sôṭür | a | sixth | |
| sedex | sedeš | sedes | # | sixty | |
| seirim | sire | siri | v | intrans. lie, recline; trans. keep, retain | |
| seješ | seješ | m | clock, mechanical device [OS seṭṭeş] | ||
| selidi | slic | selis | v | jump [*] | |
| selik | seli | sli | v | roll [*] | |
| senke | seyki | sekke | f | pine [*] | |
| sewem | swe | v | crawl, slither | ||
| sewirti | swec | n | snake [‘slitherer’] | ||
| sigadu | sigac | sigäs | n | hundred [*] | |
| sikim | sisi | siši | v | sting, prick [synaesthetic] | |
| sikirti | sisirc | n | scorpion [‘stinger’] | ||
| sili | sil | sil | v | shine [*] | |
| silirti | silirc | siliš | n | light | |
| sim | sim | si | m | character, glyph [W. ‘word’] | |
| simapali | simäpäl | f | senate, assembly [OS smapali] | ||
| simax (k) | símex | simäs | m | the Axunešin writing system [‘glyph collection’] | |
| sinu | sayn | sûn | n | mother-in-law [*] | |
| siši | seš | siš | f | berry [*] | |
| sisikim | sizike | v | annoy, bother [intensive of sikim] | ||
| siu | syu | pr | I [*] | ||
| siweï | siwé | siwey | n | pond, puddle [*] | |
| six | six | m | willow [*] | ||
| sizi | sis | a | thirsty [*] | ||
| sizis (r) | sizic | m | thirst | ||
| sol | sou | a | salty [*] | ||
| solušik | solaušis | slüši | v | add salt to | |
| somin | seumi | sömi | m | salt [‘salty substance’] | |
| sor | a | strong; right (vs. left) | |||
| sorači | sorač | a | left | ||
| soris (r) | seuric | söris | m | strength | |
| souz (m) | sus | sus | m | year [*] | |
| soumax (k) | súmex | m | epoch, time | ||
| soumirevi | sumbrey | m | spring [calque on W. watasu:] | ||
| suki | saus | süš | v | penetrate, stab, pierce [*] | |
| sukuri | susaur | a | stabbing, painful; brilliant, incisive | ||
| sukurudo | sorudo | n | pain, suffering | ||
| sukwenku | suswensu | n | swordfish [from the god Sukwenka] | ||
| suli | saul | a | young [*] | ||
| sulis (r) | saulic | m | (state of) youth | ||
| sulito | sulayc | sülito | n | youth, young person | |
| suneč (š) | suneč | suneš | m | dream | |
| sunem | sune | sune | v | dream [*] | |
| suri | saur | a | late [*] | ||
| susuki | suzaus | v | sew [intensive of ‘pierce’] | ||
| susunem | suzune | v | long for [intensive of sunem] | ||
| suz | saus | m | soil, earth; land [*] | ||
| suzik | sauzis | m | dust particle [dim. of ‘soil’] | ||
| šagi | šas | v | be missing, be lacking [*] X en Y šagi Y is missing X |
||
| Šagis (r) | m | a god, son of Meša and Ušimex [from šagi] | |||
| šagou | šagu | n | lack, absence | ||
| šarem | šare | a | empty | ||
| šarus (v) | šaruc | m | emptying; period of time (from the time taken to empty one tier of a water clock); cosmic cycle revi šarus the next cosmic cycle, the milennium |
||
| šašagi | šaras | v | require, need [intensive of ‘lack’] | ||
| šašagou | šaragu | n | requirement, need | ||
| šašuri | šasaur | a | necessary | ||
| šašurači | šasorač | a | unnecessary | ||
| še | še | v | do [*] | ||
| šebarači | a | illiterate | |||
| šebareč (š) | šebreč | šebäreš | m | scroll, book; (process of) writing [‘writing’] soumiei šebareč chronicle, annals |
|
| šebarešimex | m | chief scribe; master of a scriptorium | |||
| šebari | ševar | v | write [W. śebar] | ||
| šebarudo | ševarudo | n | (art of) writing, literacy | ||
| šeč (t) | šeč | šešz | m | spirit, soul [*] | |
| šedem | šede | v | experience, perceive, spend (time); suffer, have (a medical condition) [*] | ||
| šedu | šec | n | experience, perception | ||
| šedudo | šedzudo | n | state, condition (esp. a medical one) | ||
| šegu | šeys | m | burial place [*] | ||
| šeguvati | šeguac | v | bury | ||
| šeidex | šidex | šides | # | seventy | |
| šeidi | v | fart [*] | |||
| šeidou | šidzum | n | fart | ||
| šeigu | šix | n | kind, type [*] | ||
| šeirvi | širp | a | green [*] | ||
| šeis | šic | šis | # | seven [*] | |
| šeisun | šizu | a | sevenfold, heptuple | ||
| šeisuri | šizaur | šûsür | a | seventh | |
| šeji | šej | f | plant [*] | ||
| šejiz (d) | šejis | šeḍis | m | deer [*] | |
| šel | šu | šel | m | uncle [*] | |
| šele | šeli | f | port, harbor [W. śela] | ||
| šeme | šema | f | aunt | ||
| šemelači | šemilač | a | unable, incapable, incompetent | ||
| šemeli | šemil | a | capable, competent [‘deed-hearted’] X naya šemeli able to X |
||
| šenka | šeyka | m | roof, ceiling [W. śenka] | ||
| šerin | šeri | a | pretty, lovely | ||
| šešedem | šešide | v | recognize, acknowledge [intensive of ‘perceive’] | ||
| šešedu | šešic | n | recognition, acknowledgement; classification of sex at puberty | ||
| šeï | ši(ri) | a | blunt, dull [W. śeya] | ||
| šidou | šidu | šidu | n | liver [*] | |
| šigi | šis | v | work, toil [W. śigu] | ||
| šigou | šigu | n | work, toil, slave’s labor (cf. neji) | ||
| šigokun | šigosu | a | tired [‘having worked’] | ||
| šike | šika | šikô | f | mouse | |
| šimi | šim | v | push | ||
| šimun | šaymu | a | insistent, emphatic; the intensive tenses | ||
| Šinkou | Šiyku | Šikku | n | the Xengi delta; the province containing it [W. Śimka:u ‘Xengi mouth’] | |
| širtino | šircino | n | the third hours of the day [W. śir tinno ‘three of the day’] | ||
| šizenem | šizene | v | be able, know how to [‘know’ + ‘do’] | ||
| šoban | šovan | šobä | m | oatmeal [W. śoba:n] | |
| šolmiz (m) | šómis | m | sailing ship [OS şoḷmim] | ||
| šonax (k) | šónex | n | brush [‘hair collection’] | ||
| šone | šone | f | (head of) hair; fur | ||
| šonus (v) | šonuc | m | (one) hair; thread | ||
| šonuvati | šonuac | v | spin (into thread) | ||
| šoum | šum | a | ugly | ||
| šour | šur | a | loud [*] | ||
| šouširti | širc | šüs | n | wind; air | |
| šubik | šauvis | v | vomit | ||
| šuč | šuš | šuš | m | bone [*] | |
| šučax (k) | šúšex | m | skeleton | ||
| šudi | a | full [*] | |||
| šudivati | šudziac | v | fill [‘make full’] | ||
| šuem | šue | v | play [*] | ||
| šugei | šugi | šugi | f | barley [*] | |
| šugeme | šuema | šgemô | f | beer | |
| šuidim | šwedze | v | speak (formally), orate, argue (in law) [*] | ||
| šuidou | šwedu | n | speech; (legal) argument | ||
| šuke | šuke | f | color [*] | ||
| šukevati | šukeac | šukebäs | v | paint [‘color’] | |
| šun | šun | šu | m | language [*] | |
| šurux (k) | šors | m | worm | ||
| šus (v) | šuc | šus | m | egg [*] | |
| šuvi | šaup | pp | under [*] | ||
| šuvičik | šwečis | šübiṭi | v | rise, move upward; seek enlightenment and virtue | |
| šuvičudo | šwečaudo | n | rising; spiritual seeking | ||
| šuvičirti | šwečirc | n | seeker, novice [‘riser’] | ||
| šuvinevi | šwenéys | av | upside-down [‘under-over’] | ||
| šuvinevik | šweneis | šübnebi | v | turn upside-down, invert | |
| šuvipoukim | šwepusi | šüppüši | v | fall short, disappoint [‘fall under’] | |
| šuvipoukudo | šwepusudo | n | disappointment | ||
| šuvirijou | šweriju | šübiriḍu | n | basement; fundamentals (of a subject) [‘under-room’] | |
| šuvivati | šawiac | šübibäs | v | subdue, crush [‘make under’] | |
| šuvivatou | šawatu | šübätu | n | victory | |
| šuvokun | šwosu | a | enlightened, spiritually aware; sage, saint [‘risen’] | ||
| šuvokunudo | šwosudo | n | enlightenment, living life as if in the next mureč | ||
| šuvun | šwun | a | raw, unformed; ore [‘eggish’] | ||
| šuvus (v) | m | men’s shirt [‘underthing’] | |||
| šuxau | šusau | šuka | n | crystal; gypsum [W. śukzau] | |
| šuz (m) | šus | šus | m | province [*] | |
| Šuzebri | Šuzep | n | the province comprising the middle Xengi [‘middle province’] | ||
| tagi | tas | täš | v | stop, finish [W. taku] | |
| tagus (v) | tasuc | täžus | m | ending; halt; coast | |
| tan | tan- | a | fertile [W. tan] | ||
| Tandau | Tandau | Tädda | n | southern Čeiy [W. ‘fertile city’] | |
| Tanneli | Tanel | Tännel | n | Tanel province and peninsula [W. Taŋŋeli ‘fertile land’] | |
| tausetino | taucino | n | the 4th hours of the day [W. tause tinno ‘four of the day’] | ||
| taz | tas | pr | we [*] | ||
| tazi | tas | täs | n | lightning | |
| teč (d) | teš | teš | m | spot, dot [*] | |
| tedi | tec | n | large spot, patch [augm. of ‘spot’] | ||
| teile | tile | tile | f | rib [*] | |
| tej (jiš) | tej | m | tej (Jippirasti state or dynasty) | ||
| tek | tes | pp | without | ||
| teko (r) | tek- | a | hungry [from ‘without’] | ||
| tekorudo | tekrudo | n | hunger | ||
| tekoto | n | the poor, the oppressed [‘the hungry’] | |||
| tel | tel | m | weft (on loom) [W. ‘male’] | ||
| tenki | teyk | a | narrow [*] | ||
| terik | teris | v | shut up, stop speaking | ||
| tešu | teyš | n | trunk, chest [*] | ||
| teteveč (š) | téteč | m | amputation, cutting off | ||
| tetevi | tetiy | v | cut off, chop down, amputate [‘cut’ + intens.] | ||
| teveč (š) | teč | tebeš | m | half [nom. of ‘cut’] | |
| tevi | tep | v | cut [from ‘knife’] | ||
| teviki | teys | tebiš | v | scratch [dim. of ‘cut’] | |
| tevu | teyp | tôp | n | knife | |
| ti | cir | pr | this | ||
| tibel | civú | sibel | m | horse [*] | |
| tíbelax (k) | cívlex | m | army [‘horse’ + collective] tíbelax tibelei cavalry tíbelax juxei infantry |
||
| tíbeldouz (m) | m | stable [‘horse-house’] | |||
| tibelevi | civliy | f | knight, horseman, cavalryman | ||
| tíbelez (m) | cíbles | m | steward [originally ‘horse-groom’] | ||
| tibelmex | civumex | m | stablemaster | ||
| tibi | cip | sip | v | feel [*] | |
| tibudo | civaudo | n | feeling | ||
| tič | ceš | pr | this one [*] | ||
| tidex | cidex | sides | # | forty | |
| tidin | cidzi | sizi | a | fourth [*] | |
| tidu | cic | m | palm [*] | ||
| tidemu | cideym | pr | then, when (relative pronoun) | ||
| tiei | ci- | pr | our | ||
| tijamu | cj | therefore, for that reason [ti jamu ‘for that thing’] | |||
| tikeno | cj | if (reversed form of keno) | |||
| tilouk | ciluk | cj | because (reason follows) [‘because of that’] | ||
| Timai | Cimai | Sima | n | the first emperor of Axunai | |
| time | cima | f | gathering [*] | ||
| timi | cim | v | sit [from ‘chair’] | ||
| tinari | cinar | pr | there; where (relative pronoun) | ||
| tinaya | cj | that (subordinated clause follows) [ti- + naya] | |||
| tip | cip | sip | m | ring [Elkarîl thîp] | |
| tiši | a | timid, shy [*] | |||
| tiz (m) | cis | sis | m | chair | |
| tizi | n | throne [augmentative of ‘chair’] | |||
| to | to | pr | he/she [*] | ||
| toge | toge | toge | f | circle [*] | |
| togun | tosu | a | circular | ||
| tore | tora | f | fire [*] | ||
| toreï | torei | torey | n | sun [‘great fire’] | |
| toro | toro | a | hot, warm | ||
| torun | a | fiery | |||
| totoxim | toteuse | totöki | v | be too much [intensive of ‘be enough’] | |
| totoxou | totosu | n | overabundance, excess, surfeit | ||
| totoxuri | tosaur | a | overabundant, excessive | ||
| touno | tun | pr | why [W. ta:uno] | ||
| toxim | teuse | töki | v | be enough, suffice [*] | |
| toxou | n | the right amount; what’s necessary | |||
| toxurači | tosorač | a | insufficient | ||
| toxuri | tosaur | a | sufficient, enough | ||
| tu | cu | pr | that | ||
| tu (tusiš) | cu | su | m | dew [*] | |
| tuč (d) | cuš | suš | m | dance | |
| tuč | cuš | pr | that one [*] | ||
| tuči | cauč | suš | v | dance | |
| tučirti | caučirc | suṭiš | n | dancer | |
| tuka | cuka | sukô | m | rye [W.] | |
| tumiwa | caunga | cj | rather, preferably [‘that-firstly’] | ||
| tuli | caul | v | blow [*] | ||
| tuni | caun | a | rotten, spoiled | ||
| tunišik | caunešis | v | rot, spoil; become decadent, decline | ||
| Tural | Curau | Suräl | m | Curau (ancient capital of Xurno) [W. Tu:ral ‘crossroads oracle’] | |
| tus (b) | cup | m | mole [*] | ||
| tusagi | cuzas | v | choose, select [‘take that’] | ||
| tusageč (š) | cugeč | sägeš | m | choice, selection | |
| tuwem | cue | sue | v | pour [*] | |
| ubimeli | auvimel | a | happy, prosperous | ||
| ujez (m) | újes | uḍe | m | ear [‘hearer’] | |
| uji | auš | üš | v | hear, listen; (in negative) ignore [*] | |
| ujikalou | aujikalu | üḍikälu | n | music [‘ear pleasing’] | |
| ujivateč (š) | aujateč | üḍibäteš | m | story, tale | |
| ujivati | aujiac | v | tell, recount | ||
| uli | aul | a | bright, shiny | ||
| ulis (r) | aulic | ülis | m | honor, glory [‘shiningness’] | |
| uliridem | auride | v | pay (tribute or taxes) [‘give honor’] | ||
| ulirideč (š) | aurideč | ülirideš | m | tribute; taxes | |
| uliax | aušex | ülas | m | the best of anything; the elite; the classics | |
| ulivati | auliac | ülibäs | v | explain, clarify | |
| ulivatou | auliatu | n | explanation, clarification | ||
| unkez (m) | úykes | ukkes | m | herdsman, shepherd | |
| unki | uyk | f | fingernail [*] | ||
| unkou | uyku | ukku | n | herd [*] | |
| unkoše | ukoš | v | watch over, tend, care for [‘do herd’] | ||
| uriz | auris | üris | m | bear [*] | |
| urizun | urayzu | a | clumsy, awkward [‘bearish’] | ||
| us | m | happiness, prosperity [*] | |||
| uš | uš | uš | m | gold [*] | |
| Ušimex | Aušimex | Üšimes | m | a Mešaic god; the planet Caiem [‘golden lord’] | |
| ušun | ušu | a | golden | ||
| varax | bárex | n | claw, talon | ||
| vayma | bayma | m | ship [Jeori vaymə, from W. wa:ima ‘big ship’] | ||
| vaymevi | baymey | f | sailor | ||
| vetik | beycis | vesi | v | stink | |
| veturi | beycaur | a | stinking, noisome | ||
| voneč (š) | boneč | voneš | m | rip, tear; wound | |
| vonem | bone | v | rip, tear | ||
| vume | buma | vume | # | two [*] | |
| vumetel | buntel | m | secondary weft; brocade [‘two-weft’] | ||
| vumevati | bumeac | vumebäs | v | double; pass, overtake | |
| vumun | bumu | a | twofold, binary, double | ||
| wanke | ayke | ökke | f | hip [*] šuč wankei pelvis |
|
| wanki | aykye | öntše | f | spider [*] | |
| waruz (m) | árus | örus | m | eagle [*] | |
| wawa | aga | ö | m | baby [W. wawa] | |
| wax (g) | wag | ök | m | yoke [*] | |
| we | we | f | eye [*] | ||
| wedeï | edem | ödi | n | Wede:i (sing. noun); (Imperial times) slave | |
| wedešin | edeši | ödeši | m | Wede:i language | |
| weimeimex | imimex | ümimes | m | captain (of a ship) [’ship-master’] | |
| Weinex | Inex | Ünes | m | Inex, capital of Axunai and of Xurno [‘ship-cradle’] | |
| wel | wu | a | old [*] | ||
| welax (k) | élex | m | spray of leaves; line of text, verse | ||
| Welevo | Eleo | Ölebo | n | a Mešaic god [‘old blue’, since he was once associated with Vlerëi before Midzim was] | |
| Welezi | Elis | Öles | n | one of the Mešaic gods; the planet Vereon [‘great old one’] | |
| weli | wel | n | leaf [*] | ||
| welto | n | old person | |||
| wen | wen- | m | luck | ||
| wenke | eyke | f | somebody; person, individual [*] | ||
| wenun | eynu | a | lucky | ||
| wenunači | eynunač | a | unlucky | ||
| werdu | werc | öš | m | bird [*] | |
| wereme | erima | örmô | f | cheese [‘old milk’] | |
| weš | weš | öš(šuš) | m | tail [*] | |
| wešim | eši | v | build, construct [W. we:śi] | ||
| wete | wete | öte | f | birch [W. wete] | |
| wetešik | etešis | v | whip, cane [done with a birch cane] | ||
| weun | weun | a | by eye, by sight; apparent | ||
| wexi | wes | v | remove; subtract, save | ||
| wexou | wesu | n | removal | ||
| wimixem | imise | v | find; notice [intensive of ‘look for’] | ||
| witim | ice | üsi | v | divide; apportion | |
| witou | itu | n | division | ||
| wituvei | f | estate (used in pl.) [‘shares’ (of land)] | |||
| wituvi | aycaup | f | share, portion | ||
| wiu | ayu | üy | n | owl [*] | |
| wixem | ise | üke | v | look for [*] | |
| wixeč (š) | íseč | m | search | ||
| wogi | weus | v | feel disgust or horror [W. woŋi] | ||
| wogou | n | disgust, horror | |||
| woumun | a | round, spherical | |||
| wouz (m) | wus | wus | m | ball [*] | |
| wus (r) | wur | ur | m | clay [*] | |
| xalim | xale | zäli | v | breathe [*] | |
| xalirti | xalirc | n | animal [‘breather’] | ||
| xalu | xal | zäl | n | breath | |
| xalus (v) | xalc | m | one breath | ||
| xamim | xame | zämi | v | come [*] | |
| xamirti | xamirc | n | guest, newcomer [‘comer’] | ||
| xamirtudo | xangrudo | n | hospitality | ||
| xamou | xamu | n | arrival | ||
| xavik | xais | zäbi | v | study | |
| xavou | xau | zäbu | f | study | |
| xawixeč (š) | m | expectation | |||
| xawixem | v | expect, think will happen [‘looks to come’] X naya zawixoi I expect X, X is likely |
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| xawixiki | xwesix | zäwikiš | v | think might happen X naya zawixikeu X is possible |
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| xeč | xeč | zeš | m | garden [*] | |
| xeji | xeje | f | vagina [*] | ||
| Xengi | Xengi | Zentš | n | Xengi river [W. Akśim] | |
| Xengiman | Xengiman | Zenžimä | n | the Southern plain [‘greater Xengi’] | |
| xenki | xeyk | zentš | f | gull [*] | |
| xidi | xic | a | fast, quick | ||
| xie | xe(yk) | ze | f | neck [*] | |
| Xinor | Xinor | Zinor | m | Šinour river [Old Skourene Skinor] | |
| Xivazi | Xiaz | Zibäs | n | the World Ocean; the goddess of the sea | |
| xuči | xauč | a | dead [*] | ||
| xučideiz (m) | m | day of remembrance for the dead [‘dead-day’] | |||
| xučidouz (m) | xaučidus | m | mausoleum, tomb [‘dead-house’] | ||
| xučik | xaučis | züṭi | v | die | |
| xučis (v) | xaučip | züṭif | m | death | |
| xude | xuda | zudô | f | pig [*] | |
| xul | xu | zul | a | evil [*] xul nanu demon [‘evil god’] |
|
| xuldem | xude | zude | v | cheat, defraud [‘give evil’] | |
| xulis (v) | zaulip | zülif | m | evil | |
| xulkimem | xukime | v | bewitch, enchant [‘put evil’] | ||
| xulkimou | xukimu | n | spell, enchantment | ||
| xulve | xuba | zube | f | elbow; handle [*] | |
| xumidem | xaunde | v | lie, tell lies [‘give evil words’] | ||
| xumidun | xaundzu | a | false, wrong | ||
| xumidus (v) | xáunduc | m | lie, falsehood | ||
| Xuris (r) | m | a late Mešaic cosmic being, above the gods [‘the black one’] | |||
| xuren | xoren | a | black | ||
| xuru | xor | zur | n | blackness [*] | |
| xus (b) | (xauvis) | m | helmet, male headgear [*] | ||
| yaginari | yasinar | f | hunting preserve [‘hunt-place’] | ||
| yaji | yaš | yäš | v | hunt [*] | |
| yalou | yalu | yälu | n | knee [*] | |
| yati | yac | yäs | v | order, command (a person) | |
| yati | yac | yäs | n | order, command (said of masters, teachers, parents, etc.; cf. kezi) [W. yatu] | |
| yatez (m) | yátes | yätes | m | master, one who gives orders | |
| yatezmeli | yatezmel | a | free, noble, with the character of a master not a slave | ||
| yaz (g) | yas | m | hunt | ||
| yaz (m) | yas | m | cheek | ||
| Yedeveiz | Ideis | Yedebis | m | Ideis river [W. Yedo ‘at the river’ + an uncertain suffix] | |
| yexu | yeys | yôk | n | feather [*] | |
| yoji | yeuš | v | peel [W. yoži] | ||
| yokrin | yokri | yokri | m | vinegar [W. yokriŋ] | |
| yokrindem | yokrinde | v | pickle | ||
| youji | yuš | f | beetle [W. yauji] | ||
| yoxino | yeucino | n | the second hours of the day [W. yok tinno ‘two of the day’] | ||
| yoxu | yos | n | scissors, clipper [W. yokto] | ||
| yoxuvati | yosuac | v | trim, clip, cut with a scissors | ||
| yudex | yudex | yudes | # | eighty | |
| yugi | yauš | yüš | # | eight [*] | |
| yugun | yusu | a | eightfold, octuple | ||
| yuguri | yusaur | yužür | a | eighth | |
| yun | yu | a | good [unknown but ancient origin] | ||
| yunmin | yumin | m | medicine (item) [‘good substance’] | ||
| yus (v) | yuc | yus | m | fat, oil | |
| yute | yute | yute | f | flower [*] | |
| yuvu (r) | yup- | a | tasty, delicious | ||
| yuvurus (v) | wóruc | m | dainty, delicacy | ||
| zalai | zalay | f | general [Jeori zælay, from W. sela:i ‘warlord’] | ||
| zendem | zende | zedde | v | teach [‘give knowledge’] | |
| zendevi | zendey | n | teacher | ||
| zendudo | zendzudo | zenzudo | n | teaching, education | |
| zenem | zene | v | know (things, not people) [W. ze:n] | ||
| zenmelez (m) | zeméles | m | philosopher, savant [‘intelligent one’] | ||
| zenmeli | a | knowledgable, intelligent [‘knowledge-hearted’] | |||
| zenudo | zenaudo | zônudo | n | knowledge | |
| zenuvači | zeynač | a | unknown | ||
| zetik | zecis | zesi | v | limit, bound | |
| zetu | zeyc | zôs | n | edge, boundary | |
| zetudo | n | limit, restriction | |||
| zetuvi | zeycaup | a | limited, restricted, bounded | ||
| zetuvači | zeycuač | zôsubäš | a | unlimited, unrestricted, unbounded, infinite | |
| zezenem | zezine | v | learn, come to know; record [intensive of ‘know’] | ||
| zezenus (v) | zinuc | zezônus | m | record, document | |
| zidi | zic | zis | v | shudder, tremble [synaesthetic] | |
| zim | zim | zi | m | woman (excludes ewemi) [W. zimi] | |
| zimik | m | maiden, young woman | |||
| zimikun | zimaysu | a | maidenly | ||
| zimun | zimu | a | female, feminine | ||
| zoči | zeuč | a | apart, alone | ||
| zočuri | zočaur | a | different; heretical | ||
| zočurudo | zočrudo | n | heresy, cult | ||
| zou | zu | n | sand [W. zau] | ||
| zouun | a | sandy | |||
| zunax (k) | zúnex | zunäs | m | quiver | |
| zunirti | zaunirc | züniš | n | bowman | |
| zunu | zun | zun | n | arrow | |
| zurte | zorte | f | lust [W. zurtaa ‘desire, love’] | ||
| zurtun | zorcu | a | lustful |
šebarei, li en 
murei. Axunez murus en 
omonu. Tumiwa en šuvinevu.
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